APPENDIX A
Engineer Organizations and
Functions
ENGINEER OPERATIONS
The engineer force structure has been developed to support various missions from front to rear, with more survivable and mobile forces in the forward CZ. Any engineer unit could find itself pushed forward, if the mission dictates.
A wide variety of engineer units provides particular technical capabilities required to accomplish essential, diversified tasks throughout the depth of the theater. The engineer architecture forms these units into an organization that is responsive to commanders at all echelons. This appendix addresses engineer organizations at division, corps, and operational level.
DIVISION ENGINEER UNITS
HEADQUARTERS AND HEADQUARTERS DETACHMENT (HHD), ENGINEER BRIGADE, HEAVY DIVISION
- Provides C2 of, staff planning for, and supervision of engineer units that are assigned, attached, or supporting units engaged in M/CM/S, general-, and topographic-engineering tasks.
- Advises the division commander and staff on engineer operations and the impacts on division operations.
- Plans and coordinates engineer operations for the units that are constructing tactical obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges; breaching or clearing obstacles; and conducting river-crossing operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, HEAVY DIVISION
- Emplacing and maintaining assault bridges to span twelve 60-foot gaps simultaneously.
- Conducting breaching operations.
- Constructing tactical obstacles and defensive positions.
- Performing expedient repair of essential combat trails, bridges, fords, and roads in the brigade area.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, ENHANCED HEAVY SEPARATE BRIGADE
- Emplacing and maintaining assault bridges to span twelve 60-foot gaps simultaneously.
- Conducting breaching operations.
- Constructing tactical obstacles and defensive positions.
- Performing expedient repair of essential combat trails, bridges, fords, and roads in the brigade area.
LIGHT ENGINEER DIVISIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
ENGINEER BATTALION, AIRBORNE DIVISION
- Prepares and maintains expedient combat routes in the forward battle area, to include ingressing and egressing to block positions and river-crossing sites and expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and culverts.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions.
- Constructs tactical obstacles.
- Conducts breaching operations.
ENGINEER BATTALION, AIR-ASSAULT DIVISION
- Prepares and maintains expedient combat routes in the forward battle area, to include ingressing and egressing to block positions and river-crossing sites and expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and culverts.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions.
- Constructs tactical obstacles.
- Conducts breaching operations.
ENGINEER BATTALION, LIGHT INFANTRY DIVISION
- Prepares and maintains expedient combat routes in the forward battle area, to include ingressing and egressing to block positions and river-crossing sites and expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and culverts.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions.
- Assists maneuver forces in the assault breach of obstacles and minefields.
- Constructs tactical obstacles.
- Conducts breaching operations.
SEPARATE COMPANIES
ENGINEER COMPANY, LIGHT ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT
- Provides limited combat-engineer capability to support one cavalry squadron.
- Advises the maneuver commander on engineer-unit capabilities and the impact on the maneuver plan.
- Prepares and maintains combat trails in forward areas; repairs essential bridges, fords, and roads expediently; conducts breaching operations; constructs tactical obstacles and defensive positions.
ENGINEER COMPANY, ARMORED CAVALRY REGIMENT
- Advises the maneuver commander on engineer-unit capabilities and the impact on the maneuver plan.
- Prepares and maintains essential combat trails in forward areas.
- Conducts expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and roads.
- Provides, emplaces, and maintains assault bridges to span six 60-foot gaps simultaneously.
- Constructs tactical obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges.
- Conducts breaching operations and assault river-crossing operations.
- Constructs, repairs, and maintains CPs, combat trails, site damages, chemical-decontamination sites, and logistics field sites.
ENGINEER COMPANY, HEAVY SEPARATE BRIGADE
- Advises the maneuver commander on engineer-unit capabilities and the impact on the maneuver plan.
- Prepares and maintains essential combat trails in forward areas.
- Conducts expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and roads.
- Provides, emplaces, and maintains assault bridges to span six 60-foot gaps simultaneously.
- Constructs tactical obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges.
- Conducts breaching operations and assault river-crossing operations.
- Constructs, repairs, and maintains CPs, combat trails, damaged sites, chemical-decontamination sites, and logistics field sites.
ENGINEER COMPANY, SEPARATE INFANTRY BRIGADE
- Advises the brigade commander, his staff, and other maneuver commanders on allocating engineer resources and capabilities available to assist in accomplishing the unit's missions.
- Prepares and maintains essential combat routes in the brigade area to include ingressing and egressing to block positions and river-crossing sites and expedient repair of essential bridges, fords, and culverts.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions.
- Conducts breaching operations.
SEPARATE TEAMS
TOPOGRAPHIC TERRAIN DS TEAM, HEAVY DIVISION
TOPOGRAPHIC TERRAIN ANALYSIS TEAM, HEAVY DIVISION
- Produces terrain intelligence for a heavy division.
- Provides qualified personnel who collect, evaluate, and disseminate terrain data.
- Analyzes the effects of terrain on military operations.
- Advises the supported commander on all terrain-related matters.
TOPOGRAPHIC TERRAIN ANALYSIS TEAM, LIGHT DIVISION
- Produces terrain intelligence for a light division.
- Provides qualified personnel who collect, evaluate, and disseminate terrain data.
- Analyzes the effects of terrain on military operations.
- Advises the supported commander on all terrain-related matters.
CORPS ENGINEER UNITS
ENGINEER BRIGADE, CORPS
- Commands and controls assigned and attached engineer organizations
- Plans and coordinates the operations of engineer units engaged in CS, construction, and rehabilitation of facilities in support of a corps or airborne corps.
- Provides staff planning and supervision and allocates engineer units and resources to support engineer operations.
- Plans and supervises activities relating to river-crossing, barrier-placement, and counterobstacle and countermine operations.
- Supervises engineer units that construct and rehabilitate roads, combat roads and trails, structures, air-landing facilities, and petroleum-storage facilities.
- Supervises contract construction, labor, and indigenous personnel.
- Provides an engineer staff element to corps HQ.
- Plans and supervises terrain intelligence and topographic operations.
ENGINEER GROUP, COMBAT
- Commands and controls assigned and attached engineer combat battalions and assigned engineer companies.
- Commands and controls three to seven combat battalions assigned in the corps's area.
- Plans, supervises, and coordinates the activities of engineer units engaged in M/CM/S and general-engineering tasks.
- Supervises those engineer units that prepare and maintain combat routes and MSRs and construct and repair landing strips, heliports, port facilities, and railroads in the corps's operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, CORPS WHEELED
- Increases the combat effectiveness of a corps by accomplishing M/CM/S and limited general-engineering tasks.
- May fight as infantry when required.
- Reinforces engineer divisional units when required.
- Participates in joint military operations.
- Provides C2 and staff supervision for assigned and attached units.
- Constructs tactical obstacles and defensive positions.
- Employs fixed and floating bridges.
- Constructs, repairs, and maintains landing strips, heliports, CPs, LOC and tactical routes, culverts, fords, and other horizontal-construction-related tasks.
- Conducts limited breaching operations.
- Provides engineer support in river-crossing operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, CORPS MECHANIZED
- Increases the combat effectiveness of a corps by accomplishing M/CM/S and limited general-engineering tasks.
- May fight as infantry when required.
- Reinforces engineer heavy divisional units, heavy separate brigades, and armored cavalry regiment engineer units.
- Provides C2 for assigned and attached units.
- Constructs tactical obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges.
- Emplaces and maintains assault bridges to span twelve 60-foot gaps simultaneously.
- Constructs, repairs, and maintains landing strips, heliports, CPs, LOC and tactical routes, culverts, fords, and other horizontal construction-related tasks.
- Conducts breaching and river-crossing operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, CORPS AIRBORNE
- Increases the combat effectiveness of a corps by accomplishing M/CM/S and limited general-engineering tasks.
- May fight as infantry when required.
- Reinforces engineer divisional units when required.
- Participates in joint military operations.
- Provides C2 and staff supervision for assigned and attached units.
- Provides engineer support in constructing obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges.
- Constructs and repairs CPs, LOC and tactical routes, culverts, fords, and other horizontal and vertical construction-related tasks.
- Constructs medium-lift, forward-area airstrips and support-area, tactical airstrips
- Performs expedient repairs of existing airfields and airstrips.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions and breaching obstacles.
- Provides engineer support in river-crossing operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, CORPS LIGHT
- Increases the combat effectiveness of a corps by accomplishing M/CM/S and limited general-engineering tasks.
- May fight as infantry when required.
- Reinforces engineer divisional units when required.
- Participates in joint military operations.
- Provides C2 and staff supervision for assigned and attached units.
- Provides engineer support in constructing obstacles, defensive positions, and fixed and floating bridges.
- Constructs and repairs CPs, LOC and tactical routes, culverts, fords, and other horizontal and vertical construction-related tasks.
- Constructs medium-lift, forward-area airstrips and support-area, tactical airstrips.
- Performs expedient repairs of existing airfields and airstrips.
- Assists in assaulting fortified positions and breaching obstacles.
- Provides engineer support in river-crossing operations.
ENGINEER COMBAT BATTALION, HEAVY
- Increases the combat effectiveness of division, corps, and TA forces by accomplishing M/CM/S and limited general-engineering tasks.
- Constructs, rehabilitates, repairs, maintains, and modifies landing strips, airfields, CPs, MSRs, supply installations, building structures, bridges, and other related structures as required, normally to the rear of the division.
- Repairs and, on a limited basis, reconstructs railroads and sewage and water facilities.
- Supervises skilled labor and unskilled indigenous personnel.
- Constructs protective obstacles to degrade enemy mobility in rear areas.
- Clears obstacles as part of an area-clearance operations but not as part of an assault-breaching operations.
- Provides bituminous paving operations and quarrying and crushing operations, rehabilitates ports, constructs petroleum pipelines and storage facilities, distributes power, and restores and constructs major airfields, when specialized personnel and equipment are attached.
SEPARATE CORPS COMPANIES
ENGINEER COMBAT-SUPPORT EQUIPMENT COMPANY
- Supports engineer combat operations by accomplishing general-engineering tasks.
- Performs survivability and countermobility tasks; general engineering along MSRs and combat trails in other corps close-operation areas; and general-engineering, survivability, and countermobility operations in a corps area. The engineer construction equipment personnel assigned construct, rehabilitate, repair, maintain, and modify landing strips, airfields, CPs, MSRs, and LOC.
ENGINEER COMPANY LIGHT EQUIPMENT, AIRBORNE
- Augments engineer operations with the capabilities to support airborne operations with engineer equipment that is downsized and rapidly deployable.
- Provides earth-moving equipment to support survivability and general-engineering missions.
- Provides a cross-country dump-truck capability of about 50 cubic yards or 45 tons per lift.
- Works with the airborne engineer battalions in early deployment with force-projection forces to establish forward logistics bases until the heavier corps and theater engineer assets arrive.
ENGINEER COMPANY LIGHT EQUIPMENT, AIR ASSAULT/LIGHT
- Augments engineer operations with the capabilities to support air-assault/light operations with engineer equipment that is downsized and rapidly deployable.
- Provides earth-moving equipment to support survivability and general-engineering missions.
- Provides a cross-country dump-truck capability of about 50 cubic yards or 45 tons per lift.
- Works with the air-assault/light engineer battalions in early deployment with force-projection forces to establish forward logistics bases until the heavier corps and theater engineer assets arrive.
ENGINEER MGB COMPANY
- Provides personnel and equipment to transport, assemble, disassemble, and maintain bridging.
- Has four MGB sets with sufficient components to assemble various spans and load classes. Normally, these sets provide four 31.5-meter Class 60 bridges or two 49.6-meter Class 60 bridges with reinforcement kits.
- Provides technical supervision to assist other engineer units in bridge assembly and disassembly.
- Provides personnel and equipment to load, transport, and advise how to erect the panel-bridging equipment when required.
- Has 5-ton trucks, with a 150-ton capacity per trip, for earth-moving and general-engineering cargo hauling, when bridging has been downloaded.
ENGINEER PANEL-BRIDGE COMPANY
- Provides one panel (Bailey) bridge set with sufficient components and cable reinforcement sets to erect bridges of various spans and load classes, to include two 24.4-meter double-truss, single-story (Class 50 wheeled/Class 60 tracked) bridges without reinforcement sets and one 58.5-meter triple-truss, single-story (Class 50 wheeled/Class 60 tracked) bridge with a reinforcement set, when available. Bridge spans over 100 feet will require additional bridge components.
- Provides technical supervision to assist other engineer units in bridge construction.
- Provides emergency construction of bridges with organic personnel.
- Has 5-ton trucks, with a 150-ton capacity per trip, for earth-moving and general-engineering cargo hauling, when bridging has been downloaded.
ENGINEER ASSAULT FLOAT-BRIDGE COMPANY
- Provides personnel and equipment to transport, assemble, disassemble, retrieve, and maintain the assault float bridge at one or multiple bridge sites.
- Provides engineer mission hauling of palletized cargo, in emergencies, by immobilizing bridge loads.
- Has about 213 meters of Class 96 wheeled/75 tank float bridge or 6 Class 96 wheeled/75 tank rafts based on 0 to 3 feet per second velocity.
- Transports up to 560 tons of engineer mission cargo in a single haul over highways and 280 tons of engineer mission cargo in a single haul over unimproved roads and combat trails when the bridge load has been immobilized.
ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC COMPANY
OPERATIONAL-LEVEL ENGINEER UNITS
ENGINEER COMMAND
- Plans and coordinates engineer operational activities for engineer brigades, groups, or other units engaged in construction, topographic, and related engineer missions.
- Plans, coordinates, and supervises general troop and contract construction or rehabilitation support to the Army and other services and allies within the COMMZ and construction support in a corps's rear area on a task basis.
- Provides the planning, coordination, liaison, and execution of the JCS's Regional Wartime Construction Management System.
- Plans, coordinates, and supervises the construction or rehabilitation of facilities throughout the theater.
- Allocates engineer troops, materiel, and equipment to projects and provides technical assistance to units engaged in construction projects.
- Coordinates topographic and military geographic intelligence support to the theater.
- Coordinates the production of required mapping, military geographic intelligence, and military hydrology services.
- Manages real estate and RPMA throughout the theater under stable operations.
- Manages real estate and RPMA in the COMMZ and technical control of RPMA in the CZ during mobile operations.
- Supervises contract construction and labor, to include US, indigenous, and third-world-country personnel.
ENGINEER BRIGADE, TA
- Provides C2 planning and staff supervision to engineer construction groups or attached engineer units engaged in CS and in constructing and rehabilitating facilities in support of a TO.
- Allocates engineer units and resources in support of engineer operations.
- Supervises engineer units that construct and rehabilitate roads, structures, air-landing facilities, and petroleum storage and distribution facilities.
- Supervises contract construction and labor and indigenous personnel.
ENGINEER GROUP, CONSTRUCTION
- Plans, supervises, and coordinates engineer units engaged in survivability, general-engineering, and limited mobility and countermobility operations.
- Plans and supervises units that perform general-engineering tasks such as constructing and repairing combat routes, MSRs, bridges, landing strips, heliports, port facilities, and railroads.
ENGINEER PRIME-POWER BATTALION
- Generates electrical power and provides advice and technical assistance on all aspects of electrical power and distribution systems in support of military operations.
- Produces electrical power, up to 36 megawatts, in support of C2 sites, hospitals, weapons systems, and logistics-support areas and in relief for tactical generators at fixed sites and critical facilities.
- Repairs and maintains organic power production-and-distribution equipment and distributes power produced with organic systems.
- Operates, maintains, and performs minor repairs to other electrical power-production equipment, to include HN fixed plants.
- Provides electrical-engineering support, such as limited design and analysis capabilities.
- Performs electrical surveys and electrical-related contracting office representatives assistance.
- Manages and coordinates worldwide prime-power requirements.
- Supports RPMA and power-reliability enhancement programs.
HHC, ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC BATTALION
- Provides C2 for the operating, planning, and supervising topographic units in a TO.
- Provides DS and GS maintenance for topographic, reproduction, air-conditioning, and power-generation equipment to engineer topographic units.
- Provides technical supplies for and performs maintenance on organic equipment, as well as unit maintenance of communications and electronics equipment.
SEPARATE OPERATIONAL-LEVEL COMPANIES
ENGINEER COMPANY, TOPOGRAPHIC BATTALION
- Provides topographic-engineering support to operational-level units.
- Provides terrain-intelligence and terrain-analysis products.
- Performs topographic surveys; provides survey information, interpretation, and measurements on the remote-sensed imagery and survey-information system; and maintains deployable point-positioning data bases.
- Complies controlled, semicontrolled, and uncontrolled photomaps and mosaics.
- Revises existing maps and other topographic data.
- Drafts special maps, overprints, overlays, and other topographic products.
- Reproduces, by offset lithography and photocopy, monochrome and multicolor maps, map substitutes, overlays, overprints, and other topographic products.
- Extends horizontal and vertical controls into corps and division areas.
- Stores and distributes special topographic products that it produces.
ENGINEER CONSTRUCTION-SUPPORT COMPANY
- Provides construction support equipment and personnel for rock crushing, bituminous mixing and paving, and major horizontal construction projects such as highways, storage facilities, and airfields.
- Can produce up to 75 tons per hour (tph) of crushed rock and sand from rock quarries and gravel pits in a two-shift operation, up to 75 tph of washed and sized precrushed rock in a two-shift operation, and up to 150 tph of bituminous mixes and blends for paving projects in a one-shift operation.
- Can supervise contract labor and indigenous personnel and assist in supervising contract construction.
ENGINEER DUMP-TRUCK COMPANY
- Operates dump trucks for moving bulk materials in support of other engineer units.
- Provides a haul capability of up to 600 tons of bulk material, such as gravel, earth fill, and crushed rock, per trip.
ENGINEER PIPELINE-CONSTRUCTION- SUPPORT COMPANY
- Provides technical personnel and specialized equipment to assist combat heavy battalions or construction units in constructing, rehabilitating, and maintaining pipeline systems.
- Provides advisory personnel to support up to three engineer companies engaged in pipeline construction, pipe coupling, storage-tank erection, and pump-station and dispensing-facility construction.
- Provides specialized tools, equipment, and personnel to operate on a two-shift basis.
- Can transport 21,000 linear feet of 6-inch pipe or 16,200 linear feet of 8-inch pipe over unimproved roads in two lifts.
ENGINEER PORT-CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
- Provides specialized engineer support to develop, rehabilitate, and maintain port facilities, to include LOTS operations.
- Constructs, rehabilitates, and maintains offshore facilities, including mooring systems, jetties, breakwaters, and other structures required to provide safe anchorage for ocean-going vessels.
- Constructs, rehabilitates, and maintains piers, wharves, ramps, and related structures required for cargo loading and off loading.
- Constructs facilities for roll-on-roll-off, break bulk, and containerized cargo handling.
- Maintains tanker discharge facilities, including repair or replacement of existing POL jetties and submarine pipelines.
- Installs the off-shore petroleum discharge system, where no naval units are assigned, in support of Army LOTS operations.
- Provides limited dredging and removal of underwater obstructions.
- Provides operators for a two-shift operation of selected specialized equipment.
SEPARATE ENGINEER TEAMS (OPERATIONAL LEVEL)
ENGINEER TEAM, BATTALION HQ
ENGINEER TEAM, FIRE-FIGHTING HQ
ENGINEER TEAM, FIRE-FIGHTING TEAMS
ENGINEER TEAM, QUARRY, 75 TPH
- Provides rock-crushing operations for use in constructing major horizontal construction projects such as roads, storage facilities, and airfields.
- Provides personnel and equipment for a 24-hour operation of the 75-tph crushing plant and for drilling and blasting operations required to produce raw stone.
- Can haul 30 tons of rock per trip from the quarry to a processing plant.
ENGINEER TEAM, WELL DRILLING
- Provides personnel and equipment for drilling and developing water wells.
- Can drill and cast two complete water-well holes of 5 7/8 inches in diameter.
- Installs casings, screens, and pumps and develops the well to provide water at the wellhead.
- Can sustain two-shift operations.
ENGINEER TEAM, CONTROL-AND-SUPPORT DETACHMENT DIVING
- Provides C2, liaison, and support functions for engineer diving teams.
- Plans and coordinates engineer diving missions in the theater.
- Provides diving expertise and scuba support to theater commands.
- Augments lightweight diving teams by providing specialized equipment and personnel for deep-sea diving and heavy salvage operations.
- Provides reclassification, supply, and maintenance support to operational-level diving assets.
- Conducts underwater reconnaissance and inspections.
- Performs DS and GS maintenance on life-support systems for lightweight diving teams.
- Supports LOTS operations.
- Depends on a medical element in the TO to provide a physician with diving medicine training to support diving missions.
ENGINEER TEAM, LIGHTWEIGHT DIVING
- Performs scuba, lightweight, or deep-sea surface diving to a maximum depth of 190 feet. Diving is done to support light-salvage, harbor-clearance, underwater-pipeline, fixed-bridge, and port-construction repair-and-rehabilitation operations.
- Performs ship husbandry, LOTS, underwater-demolition, cutting, welding, and multiple diving operations.
- Depends on the control-and-support team for specialized supplies, DS/GS maintenance of life-support systems, and augmenting personnel and equipment for deep-sea and heavy salvage operations.
- Performs scuba diving in forward combat areas to perform river and far-shore reconnaissance, clears underwater obstacles as part of combat operations, and supports assault float-bridge operations.
ENGINEER TEAM, REAL ESTATE
- Manages real estate.
- Investigates and processes real estate claims.
- Conducts utilization inspections.
- Records, documents, and prepares reports on the real estate in the area that the Army uses, occupies, or holds.
- Coordinates with other agencies of friendly HNs to execute joint real estate functions.
ENGINEER TEAM, UTILITIES (4,000)
ENGINEER TEAM, TOPOGRAPHIC PLANNING AND CONTROL
- Performs topographic-operational planning.
- Determines requirements and provides programs for and coordination of topographic-engineering units assigned or attached to the theater.
- Coordinates with the DMA, host/allied nation topographic-support activities, and higher HQ.
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS' OPERATIONS
USACE DIVISION
USACE DISTRICT
USACE (FWD) ELEMENT
USACE AREA OFFICE
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