Military

Army airspace command and control

area air defense commander

Army Air-Ground System

Army air and missile defense command

antiair warfare

airborne battlefield command and control center

Army Battle Command System

airspace control authority

aviation combat element Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF)

airspace control measure

airspace control order

airspace control plan; air control point (graphics only)

air defense

air defense artillery

air defense commander (graphics only)

air defense identification zone

air defense liaison section

ARC digitized raster graphics

Air Defense System Integrator

Air Force air request net

Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System

Air Force forces

Air Force Liaison Element

Air Force special operations commander (graphics only)

airspace information center

*air control point

(Army) an easily identifiable point on the terrain or an electronic navigational aid used to provide necessary control during air movement. Air control points are generally designated at each point where the flight route or air corridor makes a definite change in any direction and at any other point deemed necessary for timing or control of the operation.

a restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces (JP 3-52)

zone airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required (JP 3-52)

a degree of air raid probability according to the following code. The term air defense division/sector referred to herein may include forces and units afloat and/or deployed to forward areas, as applicable. Air defense warning yellow—attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is probable. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are en route toward an air defense division/sector, or unknown aircraft and/or missiles suspected to be hostile are en route toward or are within an air defense division/sector. Air defense warning red—attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is imminent or is in progress. This means that hostile aircraft and/or missiles are within an air defense division/sector or are in the immediate vicinity of an air defense division/sector with high probability of entering the division/sector. Air defense warning white—attack by hostile aircraft and/or missiles is improbable. May be called either before or after air defense warning yellow or red. The initial declaration of air defense emergency will automatically establish a condition of air defense warning other than white for purposes of security control of air traffic. (JP 1-02)

all defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the Earth's envelope of atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack (JP 3-56.1)

an officer (aviator/pilot or naval flight officer) attached to a ground unit who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air operation matters (JP 1-02)

the principal air operations installation from which aircraft and air warning functions of combat air operations are directed, controlled, and executed. It is the senior agency of the Air Force Component Commander from which command and control of air operations are coordinated with other components and Services. (JP 3-56.1)

asee airspace control in the combat zone

airspace which is laterally defined by the boundaries of the area of operations. The airspace control area may be subdivided into airspace control sectors. (JP 3-52)

the commander designated to assume overall responsibility for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area (JP 3-52)

rules, mechanisms, and directions governed by joint doctrine and defined by the airspace control plan which control the use of airspace of specified dimensions (FM 1-02)

an order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the details of the approved requests for airspace control measures. It is published either as part of the air tasking order or as a separate document. (JP 3-56.1)

the document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force area of responsibility and/or joint operations area (JP 3-52)

a three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. The airspace coordination area may be formal or informal. (JP 1-02)

the coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions (JP 3-52)

a method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific missions. Normally provides specific instructions to include call signs, targets, controlling agencies, etc., as well as general instructions (JP 3-56.1)

air liaison officer

air and missile defense

Air and Missile Defense Planning and Control System

air mobility element

airspace management liaison section

a geographical area (delineated for command and control purposes in the order initiating the amphibious operation) within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious force. This area must be of sufficient size to ensure accomplishment of the amphibious force's mission and must provide sufficient area for conducting necessary sea, air, and land operations. (JP 3-02)

Aviation Mission Planning System

air and naval gunfire liaison company

air naval gunfire platoon

area of operations

amphibious objective area

air operations center (USAF)

area of responsibility

equal Arc second raster Chart/map

that area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory to the objectives of current or planned operations. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 3-0)

an operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and naval forces. Areas of operation do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 3-0)

the geographical area associated with a combatant command within which a combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations (JP 3-0)

air resource element coordinator

the senior Army headquarters and all Army forces assigned or attached to a combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command.

*Army airspace command and control

Army special operations commander (graphics only)

All Source Analysis System

assault support coordinator (airborne)

air support operations center

Army Tactical Missile System

(Army) Amphibious Tactical Air Control System

air traffic control

Army Tactical Command and Control System

Army tactical data link

attacking (graphics only)

air tasking order

air traffic service

(Army) the air or ground route leading to an objective (or key terrain in its path) that an attacking force can use (FM 3-90)

Airborne Warning and Control System

(Army) the general area through which the bulk of a unit's combat power must move (FM 3-90)

battlefield automated systems

an air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. Base defense zones have specific entry, exit, and identification, friend or foe procedures established. (JP 3-52)

(Army) a defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach (FM 3-90)

battlefield coordination detachment (formerly battlefield coordination element)

brigade (graphics only)

base defense zone (graphics only)

battalion (graphics only)

battlefield operating systems

brigade support area (graphics only)

command and control

Command and Control Initiatives Program

command and control warfare commander

command, control, communications, and intelligence

command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance

Combined Arms Center

combat air patrol

close air support

commander, amphibious task force

communications check point (graphics only)

coordinated fire line

(Army) a predetermined point on the ground used to control movement, tactical maneuver, and orientation (FM 3-90)

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual

commander, landing force

air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces (JP 3-56.1)

central launch and recovery section

company (graphics only)

an aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force protected, the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets (JP 1-02)

the essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war. Within the national and theater logistic systems, it includes but is not limited to that support rendered by service forces in ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance, transportation, health services, and other services required by aviation and ground combat troops to permit those units to accomplish their missions in combat. Combat service support encompasses those activities at all levels of war that produce sustainment to all operating forces on the battlefield. (JP 4-0)

(Army) critical combat functions provided by units and soldiers in conjunction with combat arms units and soldiers to secure victory (FM 3-90)

1. that area required by combat forces for the conduct of operations. 2. The territory forward of the Army rear area boundary. (JP 3-52)

commander, joint task force

the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 0-2)

(Army) a clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the force must meet to succeed with respect to the enemy, terrain, and the desired end state (FM 3-0)

(Army) a unit's headquarters where the commander and staff perform their activities during operations. It is often divided into echelons. The command post is the principal facility employed by the commander to control combat operations. (FM 6-0)

common reference systems provide a universal, joint perspective with which to define specific areas of the battlespace, enabling the commanders to efficiently coordinate, deconflict, integrate, and synchronize attacks (JP 3-60)

(Army) an air control point that requires serial leaders to report either to the aviation mission commander or the terminal control facility (FM 1-02)

communications zone

the officer in tactical command is normally the composite warfare commander. However the composite warfare commander concept allows an officer in tactical command to delegate tactical command to the composite warfare commander. The composite warfare commander wages combat operations to counter threats to the force and to maintain tactical sea control with assets assigned; while the officer in tactical command retains close control of power projection and strategic sea control operations. (JP 1-02)

(Army) describes how commanders see the actions of subordinate units fitting together to accomplish the mission. As a minimum, the description includes the scheme of maneuver and concept of fires. The concept of operations expands the commander's selected course of action and expresses how each element of the force will cooperate to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-0)

a center directly subordinate to the JAOC and is the senior TACS radar element responsible for decentralized execution of air defense and airspace control. The CRC provides battle management, weapons control, surveillance, identification, and link management. The CRC provides positive and procedural airspace control. The CRC is assigned a geographic sector by the JAOC, within which it manages all defensive air, offensive air and airspace management activities. The CRC is responsible for recommending changes in air defense (AD) warning conditions based on the air situation. (JP 1-02)

an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to controlled flights (JP 1-02) (this manual does not use the Army definition of this term)

directives given graphically or orally by a commander to subordinate commands to assign responsibilities, coordinate fires and maneuver, and control combat operations. Each control measure can be portrayed graphically. In general, all control measures should be easily identifiable on the ground. Examples of control measures include boundaries, objectives, coordinating points, contact point, and direction of attack. (JP 1-02)

the coordinated fire line (CFL) is a line beyond which conventional, direct, and indirect surface fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination. The purpose of the CFL is to expedite the surface-to-surface attack of targets beyond the CFL without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. (JP 3-09)

a procedural airspace control method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft will normally not fly and above which rotary-wing aircraft normally will not fly. The coordinating altitude is normally specified in the airspace control plan and may include a buffer zone for small altitude deviations (JP 3-52)

common operational picture

a mission which integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of air superiority. Counterair missions are designed to destroy or negate enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. (JP 3-01)

see counterair

command post

control reporting center

control and reporting element

Combat Service Support Control System

aircraft carrier (graphics only)

composite warfare commander

direct air support center

direct air support center (airborne)

detachment (graphics only)

division (graphics only)

deep operations coordination cell

Department of Defense

division support area (graphics only)

digital terrain elevation data

Digital Topographic Support System

Hawkeye—airborne early warning aircraft

electronic attack

echelons above corps

effective (graphics only)

any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy (JP 3-51)

(Army) where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems (FM 3-90)

electronic warfare

early warning/control

field artillery

forward area air defense

forward air controller

forward air controller (airborne)

forward arming and refueling point

Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below

fire direction center

free-fire area

force fires coordination center (graphics only)

in air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft (JP 3-52)

fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operation forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives (JP 1-02)

a measure employed by land or amphibious commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces (JP 1-02)

the planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons (JP 3-09)

see air corridor

the task of maintaining contact with specified aircraft for the purpose of determining en route progress and/or flight termination (JP 1-02)

forward line of own troops

field manual

flight operations center (graphics only)

the ability to project the military element of national power from the continental United States (CONUS) or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. Force projection operations extend from mobilization and deployment of forces to redeployment to CONUS or home theater. (JP 3-0)

a line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. The forward line of own troops (FLOT) normally identifies the forward location of covering and screening forces. The FLOT may be at, beyond, or short of the forward edge of the battle area. An enemy FLOT indicates the forward-most position of hostile forces. (JP 1-02) This manual does not use the Army definition of this term.

fragmentary order

(Army) the unintentional killing or wounding of friendly personnel by friendly firepower (FM 3-0)

a specific area into which any weapon system may fire into without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters (JP 3-09)

fire support

fire support coordination center

fire support coordination line

fire support coordinating measure

fire support element

fire support officer

fighter (graphics only)

assistant chief of staff, intelligence

assistant chief of staff, operations

assistant chief of staff, logistics

Global Command and Control System

ground combat element (graphics only)

ground liaison officer

an officer trained in offensive air support activities. Ground liaison officers are normally organized into parties under the control of the appropriate Army commander to provide liaison to Air Force and naval units engaged in training and combat operations (JP 1-02)

hour

helicopter (graphics only)

high frequency

high-density airspace control zone

in air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with high-altitude surface-to-air missiles (JP 3-52)

airspace designated in an airspace control plan or airspace control order, in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and varied weapons and airspace users. A high-density airspace control zone has defined dimensions which usually coincide with geographical features or navigational aids. Access to a high-density airspace control zone is normally controlled by the maneuver commander. The maneuver commander can also direct a more restrictive weapons status within the high-density airspace control zone. (JP 3-52)

high-to-medium-altitude air defense

high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle

basic rules established by higher authority for defining and recognizing hostile acts by aircraft, submarines, surface units, and ground forces that will be promulgated by the commanders of unified or specified commands, and by other appropriate commanders when so authorized (JP 1-02)

description of conditions under which an aircraft or a vehicle may be identified as hostile for engagement purposes (see also hostile acts and rules of engagement) (JP 1-02)

headquarters

helicopter radio net (graphics only)

interim brigade combat team

identification

a system using electromagnetic transmissions to which equipment carried by friendly forces automatically responds, for example, by emitting pulses, thereby distinguishing themselves from enemy forces (JP 3-52)

intelligence and electronic warfare

identification, friend or foe

interim JTIDS message specification

Integrated Meteorological System

actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one's own information and information systems (JP 3-13)

information systems

intelligence (graphics only)

1. the product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas; 2. information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through observation, investigation, analysis, or understanding (JP 1-02)

(Army) an analytical methodology employed as part of intelligence planning to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, and terrain for all types of operations. Intelligence preparation of the battlefield is conducted during mission planning to support the commander's decisionmaking and to form the basis for the direction of intelligence operations in support of current and future missions. It utilizes existing databases and identifies gaps in intelligence needed to determine the impact of the enemy, environment, and terrain on operations and presents this in an appropriate form to facilitate operational planning. It forms the basis for situation development. (FM 1-02)

information operations

Internet Protocol

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance

Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid (graphics only)

joint air operations center

joint force air component commander

joint force commander

joint force land component commander

joint force special operations commander (graphics only)

joint force special operations component commander

joint operations area

joint operations center

air operations performed with air capabilities/forces made available by components in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force (JP 3-56.1)

a jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives (JP 3-56.1)

in air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which multiple air defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air threats (JP 3-52)

the commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint force air component commander is given the authority necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander. (JP 1-02)

a general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force (JP 0-2)

the commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint force land component commander is given the authority necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander. (JP 3-0)

the commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint force special operations component commander is given the authority necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander. (JP 3-0)

joint publication

joint restricted frequency list

Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System

Joint Tactical Information Distribution System

joint theater missile defense

Joint User Handbook-Message Text Formats

Joint Warning and Reporting Network

low-altitude air defense

local area network

personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, and support elements operating on land to accomplish assigned missions and tasks (JP 1-02)

line of contact (graphics only)

line of departure (graphics only)

that contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military forces or other agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action (JP 3-08)

low-level transit route

liaison officer

in air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles (JP 3-52)

a temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or surface forces (JP 3-52)

landing zone (graphics only)

Marine Air Command and Control System

Marine air-ground task force

Marine forces (graphics only)

a system that provides the aviation combat element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services. It is composed of command and control agencies with communications-electronics equipment that incorporates a capability from manual through semiautomatic control. (JP 1-02)

a task organization of Marine forces (division, aircraft wing, and service support groups) under a single command and structured to accomplish a specific mission. The Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) components will normally include command, aviation combat, ground combat, and combat service support elements (including Navy Support Elements). Two types of Marine air-ground task forces which can be task organized are the Marine expeditionary unit and Marine expeditionary force. (JP 1-02)

Marine liaison officer

Marine air traffic control

Marine air wing

modified combined obstacle overlay (graphics only)

Maneuver Control System

mechanized (graphics only)

Marine expeditionary force (graphics only)

mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations

military intelligence

meaconing, interference, jamming, and intrusion

military standard

the lowest altitude determined by the tactical use of weapons, terrain consideration, and weapons effects that permits the safe conduct of an air attack and/or minimizes effective enemy counteraction (JP 1-02)

the lowest altitude at certain radio fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en route instrument flight rules altitude (JP 1-02)

a temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to low-flying aircraft transiting the combat zone (JP 3-52)

Multiple Launch Rocket System

minimum-risk route

message text format

a collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance (JP 0-2)

named area of interest

naval and amphibious liaison element

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

navigational aid

Navy forces (graphics only)

Navy special operations commander (graphics only)

nuclear, biological, and chemical

no-fire area

naval flight officer

National Guard (graphics only)

naval gunfire officer

National Imagery and Mapping Agency

numbered (graphics only)

a land area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited (JP 3-09)

naval surface fire support net (graphics only)

Navy Tactical Air Control System

objective (graphics only)

a position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses appropriate communications; may be airborne (JP 1-02)

October

offensive action in support of the offensive counterair mission against surface targets which contribute to the enemy's air power capabilities. The objective of attack operations is to prevent the hostile use of aircraft and missile forces by attacking targets such as missile launch sites, airfields, naval vessels, command and control nodes, munitions stockpiles, and supporting infrastructure. Attack operations may be performed by fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft, surface-to-surface weapons, special operations forces, or ground forces. (JP 3-01)

in maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has delegated tactical command (JP 1-02)

command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command. Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command authority) and may be delegated within the command. When forces are transferred between combatant commands, the command relationship the gaining commander will exercise (and the losing commander will relinquish) over these forces must be specified by the Secretary of Defense. Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander in operational control considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions; it does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training. (JP 0-2)

operation plan

operation order

operations (graphics only)

officer in tactical command

Patriot digital information link

phase line (graphics only)

a method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein (JP 3-52)

a method of airspace control which relies on a combination of previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures (JP 3-52)

pickup zone (graphics only)

Comanche armed reconnaissance helicopter

pertaining to the timeliness of data or information which has been delayed only by the time required for electronic communication. This implies that there are no noticeable delays. (JP 1-02)

a mission undertaken to obtain by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area (JP 1-02)

representative (graphics only)

airspace of defined dimensions, designated by the airspace control authority, in response to specific operational situations/ requirements within which the operation of one or more airspace users is restricted (JP 3-52)

a line established between converging friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects across that line (JP 3-09)

restrictive fire area

restrictive fire line

regiment (graphics only)

restricted operations area

rules of engagement

restricted operations zone

directives issued by competent military authority which delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered (JP 1-02)

battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer

battalion or brigade operations staff officer

battalion or brigade logistics staff officer

standard use Army aircraft flight route

supporting arms coordination center

sector air defense commander

supporting arms liaison team

search and rescue

sector air warfare coordinator

sea combat commander (graphics only)

description of how arrayed forces will accomplish the commander's intent. It is the central expression of the commander's concept for operations and governs the design of supporting plans or annexes (FM 5-0)

a capability that, when added to the basic identification friend or foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected coded replies (JP 1-02)

special electronic mission aircraft

shore fire control party

in air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with short-range air defense weapons. It may be established within a low- or high-altitude missile engagement zone. (JP 3-52)

selective identification feature

space liaison officer

special operations command

special operations command and control element

special operations coordination element

special operations forces

special operations liaison element

standing operating procedure

special instructions

support (graphics only)

routes established below the coordinating altitude to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets. Routes are normally located in the corps through brigade rear areas of operation and do not require approval by the airspace control authority. (JP 3-52)

strategic liaison team (graphics only)

strike warfare commander

the systematic observation of aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means (JP 1-02)

surface warfare commander

theater Army air and missile defense coordinator

tactical or terminal air controller or tactical command post, or terminal access controller

tactical air coordinator (airborne)

tactical air command center (USMC)

tactical operational data

tactical air control party

Theater Air Control System (USAF)

the Marine Corps' tactical air command center (TACC) is the senior agency of the Marine air command and control system (MACCS) (JP 1-02)

the principal air operations installation (ship-based) from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled (JP 1-02)

a subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft (JP 1-02)

an air operations installation under the overall control of the tactical air control center (afloat) or tactical air command center, from which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in an area of concern are directed (JP 1-02)

the principal air control agency of the US Marine air command and control system responsible for airspace control and management. It provides real-time surveillance, direction, positive control, and navigational assistance for friendly aircraft. It performs real-time direction and control of all antiair warfare operations, to include manned interceptors and surface-to-air weapons. It is subordinate to the tactical air command center. (JP 1-02)

command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control. Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command. When forces are transferred between combatant commands, the command relationship the gaining commander will exercise (and the losing commander will relinquish) over these forces must be specified by the Secretary of Defense. Tactical control provides sufficient authority for controlling and directing the application of force or tactical use of combat support assets within the assigned mission or task. (JP 0-2)

tactical air direction center

tactical digital information link

Theater Air-Ground System

Tactical Airspace Integration System

tactical airlift control element (graphics only)

theater airlift liaison officer

theater air and missile defense

tactical air operations center (USMC)

tactical air radio (graphics only)

tactical ballistic missile

Theater Battle Management Core System

to be published

Transmission Control Protocol

flight close to the Earth's surface during which airspeed, height, and/or altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground in order to avoid enemy detection and fire (JP 1-02)

task force (graphics only)

that airlift assigned or attached to a combatant command (command authority) of a combatant commander other than Commander in Chief, US Transportation Command, which provides air movement and delivery of personnel and equipment directly into objective areas through air landing, airdrop, extraction, or other delivery techniques; and the air logistic support of all theater forces, including those engaged in combat operations, to meet specific theater objectives and requirements. (JP 3-17) This manual does not use the Army definition of this term.

an officer specially trained to implement the theater air control system and to control tactical airlift assets. Theater airlift liaison officers are highly qualified, rated airlift officers with tactical (airdrop) airlift experience and assigned duties, supporting US Army units. (JP 3-17)

a subarea within a theater of war defined by the geographic combatant commander required to conduct or support specific combat operations. Different theaters of operations within the same theater of war will normally be geographically separate and focused on different enemy forces. Theaters of operations are usually of significant size, allowing for operations over extended periods of time. (JP 3-0)

tactical Internet

Tomahawk land-attack missile

tactical operations center

table of organization and equipment

Training and Doctrine Command (Army)

tactics, techniques, and procedures

unit airspace plan

unmanned aerial vehicle

ultrahigh frequency

a program designed to enhance joint and combined combat effectiveness through standardization of message formats, data elements, and information exchange procedures. Standard message formats with standard information content provides all tactical commanders at the joint interface with a common playing field and a common language. (MIL-STD-6040)

a powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Ballistic or semiballistic vehicles, cruise missiles, and artillery projectiles are not considered unmanned aerial vehicles. (JP 3-55.1)

United States

United States Air Force

United States Marine Corps

United States message text format

undersea warfare commander

very high frequency

variable message format

weapons control of surface-to-air units is expressed as a status declared for a particular area and time (JP 3-01)

in air defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. See also fighter engagement zone, high-altitude missile engagement zone, low-altitude missile engagement zone, short-range air defense engagement zone, and joint engagement zone. (JP 3-52)

in air defense, a weapon control order imposing a status whereby weapons systems may be fired at any target not positively recognized as friendly. (See also weapons hold, weapons tight, and air defense weapon control status.) (JP 1-02)

an air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not positively recognized as friendly (JP 3-52)

in air defense, a weapon control order imposing a status whereby weapons systems may only be fired in self-defense or in response to a formal order. (See also weapons free, weapons tight, and air defense weapon control status.) (JP 1-02)

in air defense, a weapon control order imposing a status whereby weapons systems may be fired only at targets recognized as hostile. (JP 1-02)

weapon engagement zone

weapons free zone (graphics only)

wing operations center (USAF)