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Military

CHAPTER 2

Institutional Training

The primary tasks for institutional training are to plan for expansion and to expand rapidly to meet the needs of the total Army. The major mobilization challenge will be to produce well-trained and MOS-proficient soldiers to fill the requirements in newly organized units.

TRAINING BASE OPERATIONS

The training base will be expanded through the use of USAR training divisions, training brigades, and schools; IRRs; recalled military retirees; and civilians with applicable skills. USAR reception stations (RECSTAs) will be activated to augment existing stations and to provide new reception locations. Civilian contractors, industry, schools, vocational technical schools, and community colleges will also be used to expand the base. The training base will provide for NCO and officer courses and necessary specialty training such as ranger or parachutist training.

Upon full mobilization, MOB POI will form the basis of all courses included in the mobilization Army program for individual training (MOB ARPRINT). Some technical courses will be condensed and accelerated. Those not included will be terminated and students will return to their units. All remaining courses will be accelerated to provide fully trained soldiers and unit packages as soon as possible. Trained fillers and unit packages will be made available to newly organized units to permit their assimilation into unit training. Thus, follow-on integration or transition training in the unit would be minimal.

INITIAL ENTRY TRAINING

Upon mobilization, the training base conducts initial entry training (IET). The aim of IET is to produce a combat-ready and MOS-qualified soldier as an individual filler or as part of a unit package.

IET will transition to MOB POI on M-day or as soon thereafter as practical. Although approved and validated before mobilization, programs will be modified, and the lessons learned will be infused depending on the operational requirements and the available resources. All instructions will be based on the tasks, conditions, and standards in the relevant MOS soldiers manual. Although the training will be accelerated, there will be no deviation from the demand for high standards of training.

Peacetime Preparation

To meet the training requirements and to assist the training base in its mobilization role--

  • USAR training divisions and separate training brigades must sustain their proficiency in conducting MOB POI. They must train periodically at the installation where they will mobilize. Therefore, close and continuous planning with those installations is necessary. Affiliation with the appropriate TRADOC proponent school and Army training center (TC) during inactive duty and annual training will assist in planning and in sustaining proficiency.
  • USAR schools must sustain their proficiency for validated mobilization missions in accordance with CAPSTONE alignments in the TRADOC Mobilization and Operations Planning System (TMOPS). Validated USAR school missions are to reinforce USAR training divisions, TRADOC service schools, and TCs.
  • The retiree recall program preassigns CONUS military retirees to CONUS mobilization stations against the mobilization tables of distribution and allowances (TDA) and the nondeploying modification table of organization and equipment (MTOE) requirements. Installation mobilization planners must include these personnel assets in their plans for expansion. Planners must also make maximum use of these assets before considering deployable assets.
  • TRADOC service schools, upon mobilization, must consider using qualified civilian instructors, either as members of their staffs or under contract.

Guidelines

In compliance with the provisions of current public law, all new personnel must receive at least 12 weeks of military or equivalent training prior to deployment. Training will be directed at proficiency in those tasks necessary for combat readiness and survivability on the battlefield. However, there will still be a requirement to acclimate personnel and to impart instruction on recent lessons learned. Individual tasks resulting from the lessons learned will be added to soldier training publications (STPs) by the service schools. There will also be a requirement for some collective training.

IET will be aligned as much as possible with the needs of the projected force. The input to the training base should be aligned with the mobilization training base output requirement (MOB TBOR). This will meet the Army's time-phased requirement for trained personnel to fill and sustain the force. The MOB ARPRINT prescribes the input of students and trainees to training base courses required to satisfy the MOB TBOR.

IET companies will start training as soon as they are filled. However, within a battalion, no attempt will be made to establish a common start or graduation date. All one-station-unit-training (OSUT) companies can conduct separate basic and advanced individual training (AIT) courses in designated career management fields (CMFs).

Ongoing classes for which a mobilization requirement has not been established will be terminated. Students who have completed IET will be returned to their units or reported as available for reassignment in accordance with the United States Army Military Personnel Center (MILPERCEN) guidance. Those who have not completed IET will be diverted to other training according to MILPERCEN guidance.

Although the primary mission of TRADOC is individual training, some individual training, due to the work load, will have to be conducted when the soldier gets to his unit. A decision to expand the training base IET capacity by using units within the operating forces in an institutional training role will be made at HQDA. Detailed coordination between all agencies involved is required--

  • To determine which courses will be conducted and how many personnel will be trained in each course.
  • To identify the units which will do the training, to determine how many will be trained by each unit, and to establish whether the training will be conducted on a train-and-pass or a train-and-retain basis.
  • To provide for training and support resource requirements.
  • To establish detailed procedures for managing recruits into the units and for tracking their progress through training. These procedures will include entering them into the replacement stream or assigning them to another unit of the operating force.
  • To establish technical assistance responsibilities between course proponents, training base elements which are conducting the courses, and the tactical units which will conduct the training.

Expansion

Mobilization plans for the training base will be designed to provide a graduated response to the successive levels of mobilization, but will allow for expansion to meet any mobilization requirement. The training base expansion for IET will occur in three phases:

  • Phase I. The MOB ARPRINT will direct the expansion of the existing TRADOC TC. This will be done by expanding the current operating structure. USAR RECSTAs and training organizations will be mobilized, expanding or establishing these activities at TRADOC installations.
  • Phase II. The number of installations at which RECSTAs and TCs will be located is increased by the addition of six FORSCOM installations: Forts Bragg, Campbell, Hood, Lewis, Ord, and Polk. USAR RECSTAs and training organizations will be assigned to these installations.
  • Phase III. The number of installations which conduct recruit training will be increased. Additional TCs and RECSTAs will be established in conjunction with FORSCOM deployment and unit activation schedules and as required resources become available.

Work Load

The MOB ARPRINT will list all courses for the training work load. Training inputs into the current MOB ARPRINT will be based on the number of personnel required to provide the force with qualified fillers and replacements for the first six months of full mobilization. MOB TBOR will provide the training requirements for the first 90 days of mobilization. It provides training guidance for the transition period between the peacetime ARPRINT and the MOB ARPRINT. The sources of additional personnel are--

  • IET trainees and students in those MOSs required to fill out the force.
  • Filled MOSs whose members can be reclassified into MOSs with shortages.
  • NCO and officer training courses which cover known and anticipated deficiencies.
  • Military orientation training for those civilians who have skills needed by the Army.

Upon mobilization, the training load will increase. Each military entrance processing station (MEPS) will process and classify recruits. Based on MOB ARPRINT requirements, recruits will be identified with a training course and a RECSTA. Automatic data processing (ADP) at each MEPS and RECSTA will be used to manage the increase in recruits. ADP will effectively allocate recruits to training centers and schools. Recruits will be assigned to courses according to service needs and their aptitudes and backgrounds. Those with skills of immediate value will be identified. In order to meet deployment criteria, they will undergo the appropriate basic training (BT) and AIT. They will be assigned an MOS on par with their civilian skills. Responsibility for the management of accessions into BT, AIT, and OSUT will be transferred from MILPERCEN to TRADOC.

As mobilization proceeds and the training system settles after the conversion to MOB POI, hard data will become available on which to base the adjusted MOB ARPRINT. Training loads will then be adjusted to best meet operational requirements.

Constraints

Initial training base capabilities will be dictated by the on-hand structure, cadre, equipment, facilities, and locally available assets. Following M-day, total resource requirements to expand the training base may not be available.

TRADOC service schools will include all of the training innovations, techniques, and resource conservation measures possible in their respective MOB POI. So structured, MOB POI require the minimum essential level of resources to train one course of a given MOS or BT. The MOB POI then becomes a key document for the installation mobilization planner. The MOB POI serves as a resource document. The installation's MOB ARPRINT load determines the number of courses. Together they allow the installation planner to build a picture of the total resource requirements for conducting IET. At this point and with all other installation missions in mind, the installation planner will apply training strategies to stretch the known resources as far as possible.

Detailed strategies and planning assumptions for expanding the training base are contained in the TMOPS. Key considerations that address how to overcome equipment and facility shortages are described below. While these considerations will be specifically aimed at IET, they can apply to all training on an installation.

NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER AND OFFICER TRAINING

The major requirement in NCO and officer training will be to sustain the flow of fully trained, deployable, noncommissioned and junior commissioned officers to units. Upon mobilization, the NCO and officer portion of the institutional training base will be restructured.

Noncommissioned Officers

During mobilization most NCOs will be needed in units for individual and collective training; therefore, few NCOs will be released for resident training. Those in deployed units will not return to CONUS for training.

NCO courses will concentrate on MOS-specific and leadership training. For instance, following IET, selected combat arms soldiers with NCO potential will attend the Primary Leadership Development Course (PLDC) and the Basic NCO Course (BNCOC) for their MOS. Following AIT, but prior to being assigned to the unit, potential CS and CSS NCOs will attend the PLDC and, if available, the appropriate primary or basic technical course.

Upon declaration of full mobilization, ARNG and USAR students attending Noncommissioned Officer Education System (NCOES) courses in an active duty training (ADT) status will return to their units. Likewise, AC students attending NCOES courses that are cancelled will report to their CONUS units. Students on temporary duty (TDY) en route to CONUS or OCONUS will be reassigned by MILPERCEN. Students on permanent change of station (PCS) orders will also be reassigned by MILPERCEN.

NCOES courses will be held at selected NCO academies and service schools. Courses at all other locations will be terminated at full mobilization. However, each Army training center will operate a drill sergeants school.

Warrant Officers

The expansion of warrant officer (WO) training will be based on the force requirements during mobilization. Emphasis upon mobilization will be placed on identifying and procuring qualified soldiers for WO vacancies. WO training will be limited to those entry level (limited MOSs) and advanced courses necessary to meet force requirements.

Officers

The United States Military Academy (USMA) and military colleges and institutions will graduate the senior class as soon as possible and then reduce their programs to three years. At nonmilitary colleges and institutions, Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) programs will be suspended when full mobilization is called and mobilization tasks are completed. ROTC cadets who have completed the ROTC advanced camp will be commissioned immediately upon receipt of instructions from HQDA and will attend the appropriate officer basic course (OBC). However, ROTC cadets who are under contract and have completed basic camp or MS II training will be ordered to active duty as enlisted reservists to attend an officer candidate school (OCS). All other contract students will be ordered to active duty immediately as enlisted reservists to attend BT. If they complete BT and demonstrate officer potential, they may be offered the OCS option.

Upon full or total mobilization, State Army National Guard military academies will accelerate completion of the OCS classes in session. The assigned cadre will be reassigned to TRADOC and earmarked as OCS faculty. OCS graduates will attend an appropriate OBC.

Infantry, armor, field artillery, and engineers will establish branch-specific OCS programs. Others may be added as required. However, branch-immaterial OCS programs will be established at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Fort Bliss, Fort Gordon, Camp Robinson, and Fort McClellan with an input of 200 per week beginning at M+5 weeks. These programs will supply second lieutenants to OBC programs being conducted at other branch schools.

Qualified individuals with or without prior military service will be procured by HQDA as temporary commissioned officers in the Army of the United States (AUS). They will report for immediate active duty to meet mobilization requirements for those personnel who cannot be provided from the Reserve Components.

Lieutenants. At full mobilization, each proponent school will continue OBC at an accelerated pace.

Captains. Officer advance courses (OACs) in session will be terminated on M-day. Students will be reassigned by MILPERCEN. On order from HQDA DCSOPS, the OAC cadre will prepare to resume courses using the MOB POI. However, the Combined Arms and Service Staff School (CAS3) will terminate upon full mobilization.

Majors and Lieutenant Colonels. On full mobilization, courses in session at Fort Leavenworth will be terminated, and students will be reassigned by MILPERCEN. Cadre and instructors will prepare to implement the Command and General Staff College (CGSC) MOB POI.

The RC division refresher courses will also be terminated. However, two one-week mobilization refresher courses will be implemented for division and brigade commanders and for their principal staff officers and NCOs. One course will focus on tactics and the other on logistics. The courses will be oriented to the collective training of mobilizing staffs. These courses will be supplemented with individual refresher programs, as required. Late deploying, new, or reconstituted division and brigade personnel will be prime candidates for these courses. The course instructors will remain TRADOC assets to support the training base expansion. All other courses at the college will be conducted in accordance with AMOPS, Volume III, Chapter 12.

Lieutenant Colonels and Colonels. With the exception of branch resident phases, all resident and nonresident phases of the Precommand Course (PCC) will be terminated. Those officers not in Phase II will proceed to their assigned unit or unit of assignment as determined by DA. The branch resident phase will convert to an MOB POI and the PCCs will be conducted as required. Upon completing the course, officers will proceed to their assigned units.

Colonels and Above. Upon full mobilization, the Army War College will convert to an MOB POI. The National Defense University will continue training as determined by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). However, it may be necessary to withdraw selected students from these courses to meet the Army requirements.

SPECIAL TRAINING

The following people will require special training at training centers and schools:

  • Individual ready reservists.
  • Individual mobilization augmenters (IMAs).
  • Prior service personnel.
  • Civilians with needed skills.
  • Military retirees.
  • Foreign students.

Individual Ready Reservists

Those individuals who did not complete IET and who left the service under the trainee discharge program will be required to undergo IET. With a zero MOS skill level, these individuals will be treated as new accessions. However, if still unable to perform up to par, they will be discharged in accordance with current regulations.

All other IRR members will be earmarked in peacetime for specific units by a unit identification code. The Mobilization Personnel Processing System matches IRR resources with mobilization personnel requirements. Upon mobilization, IRR members will report to designated mobilization stations. Unless reassigned by the mobilization station commander against a higher priority requirement, they will be assigned to a designated unit or organization. The type and amount of postmobilization training required will be the responsibility of the gaining unit or organization commander.

Individual Mobilization Augmenters

These soldiers are assigned to a specific unit or agency in peacetime. IMAs perform annual training with that organization performing those functions they will be expected to assume upon mobilization. There will be no school training requirement for these individuals.

Prior Service Personnel

Refresher and, possibly, reclassification training will be required for personnel with prior enlisted service. They will be quickly requalified or reclassified and sent to units as fillers.

Civilians With Needed Skills

Some CSS MOS codes and officer specialty codes have similar, if not direct, civilian counterparts, especially in mid- and high-technology areas. For instance, skills such as railway transportation are not maintained in the Active Components. However, those that are, such as engineers, will be required in far greater numbers. Mobilization planning must ensure the speedy assimilation into the Army of all civilians who have applicable and needed skills. This will be achieved in the following ways:

  • Proponents working with MILPERCEN will identify those MOSs with a critical mobilization shortage.
  • Proponents will identify civilian occupations that require proficiency in the same or similar skills as those required by a particular MOS as found in AR 611-201. Proponents should then conduct a job analysis to determine the common core skills.
  • Programs of instruction will be used for the additional training needed to attain skill level proficiency in an MOS. However, the content of the training will depend on the civilian occupation. Training can be held in a classroom or be self-paced. For some occupations, a proficiency test will establish the starting point for training.
  • Recruits with needed civilian skills will be identified at each MEPS and allocated to an appropriate RECSTA for basic training.

Total mobilization will demand a greater use of civilians having skills of value to the Army for assignments within CONUS. For individuals such as computer specialists and transportation and procurement personnel, the basic training content of military orientation courses will be minimal.

Military Retirees

Refresher training for military retirees will fall into the following categories:

  • Functional refresher training for assignments that are not specialty skill identifier (SSI) specific or MOS specific and that would be open to a number of specialties. One example would be a mobilization version of the Army logistics Management Center's Director of Industrial Operations (DIO) course for officers with a DIO mobilization assignment.
  • SSI and MOS refresher training for officers and NCOs assigned to positions that are either technical in nature or require SSI and MOS refresher training. One example would be a CMF 11 refresher course for an NCO assigned to an Army TC committee or a training group.
  • No refresher training for retirees in civilian occupations having a direct application to mobilization assignments. One example would be a practicing civil engineer assigned to an installation Director of Facility Engineers (DFE) position.

Foreign Students

Foreign students enrolled in courses on M-day will be kept until graduation unless attendance is terminated by their governments, by the US government, or by attrition. Additional courses may be established at selected installations to train foreign students in accordance with interservice or security assistance training agreements. Training foreign students will continue during mobilization in accordance with contractual agreements and where it is in the national interest.

TRAINING SUPPORT FOR THE INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING BASE

Training support for the training base will take on a greater importance during mobilization because of the increased training work load requirements, time constraints, and the projected initial shortage of resources to do the training. Training support materials and services will be the key alternative means of overcoming many of the time and resource constraints. Mobilization plans throughout the training base will identify and document the training support needed to meet the surge in training requirements. Where mobilization training materials can aid the peacetime training base, procurement action will be taken. However, if peacetime budget constraints make procurement impossible, requisition details will be completed and pre-positioned at installation TASCs.

MATERIALS

All courses for individuals in the training base will take place in accordance with the course content, schedule, and training support as stated in the MOB POI prepared prior to mobilization by proponent schools. MOB POI will prepare graduates for immediate deployment to the combat zone. There they must be capable of surviving under combat conditions and of performing their assigned duties without additional training. In peace-time, gaining units conduct some individual training. The same occurs upon mobilization depending on the particular MOS.

Many installation TASCs with their graphic arts, photo, and television production capabilities, in concert with in-house printing plants, will produce lesson plans, lesson materials, graphic training devices, and video tapes for shipment where needed. The TASC training aids fabrication capability will also be used to build many items such as subcaliber devices, targets, simulator games, map-reading aids, and marksmanship aids.

Training devices and simulators will be used heavily. Thus, plans for making their repair parts and train-the-trainer packages available should be made prior to mobilization.

Initial distribution of available assets will begin upon determination of an effective date (M-day or other designated date), based on preidentified requirements in the ADAM system in accordance with Annex J, Installation Mobilization Plans. Training support resource allocations will be adjusted by installations, based on new ARPRINT data.

SERVICES

The US Army Training Support Center (USATSC), Fort Eustis, VA, has the primary responsibility for managing training support services and material. Upon mobilization, USATSC will provide--

  • Training support assets of the AC to the RC through the TASCs. These assets are preplanned in the TMOPS and the FORSCOM Mobilization and Deployment System (FORMDEPS).
  • Consolidated training support production requirements to the United States Army Materiel Command (AMC).
  • Field liaison teams to assist commanders in solving training support problems created by the simultaneous training of deploying forces and expanding the training base.

USATSC will also consolidate TASC device requirements for production and distribution.

At installation level, mobilization planners will identify training support materials and locally produced training devices and mock-ups to the servicing TASC. The TASOs at training centers, service schools, and Forts Bragg, Campbell, Hood, Lewis, Ord, and Polk will--

  • Produce training support material locally where production is possible but cannot be resourced.
  • Plan for the production of locally produced devices and mock-ups by having plans and specifications on file.
  • Ensure that needed Class IX items will be available.
  • Identify, in accordance with Annex J, Installation Mobilization Plans, all mobilization training support material that is beyond local production capability.

For full and total mobilization, outside contractors will be used for as many of the following tasks as possible:

  • Detailed preparation of all training literature.
  • Instruction in those military tasks and skills with civilian counterparts, especially in high technology, low-density MOSs.
  • Development and management of devices, simulations, and simulators.
  • Management of an ADP capability to support the training base in its expanded mobilization responsibilities.
  • Conduct new equipment and new organization training.

Lessons learned from the combat theater of operations will play an important part in the training base's ability to keep individual and collective training abreast of current techniques and operations. To accomplish this, the flow of information back to CONUS must be timely. The information will be gathered in-theater by teams (normally one per corps) of a military historical detachment (MHD). The MHD will collate, analyze, and prepare lessons learned to be forwarded through the theater chain of command. In conjunction with immediate use in-theater, the lessons learned will be sent back to CONUS for distribution to the integrating centers, service schools, and units in training.



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