Figure 7-6. Rearward passage of lines.

Techniques

At troop level, the passage of lines will usually be performed as part of a squadron operation. The passage may be forward, such as to pass through a defending unit to conduct a counterattack, or rearward, such as when a covering force unit withdraws through units in the main battle area.

The troop is particularly vulnerable during a passage of lines. The unit may be concentrated and the fires of the stationary unit may be temporarily masked. Thorough reconnaissance and detailed coordination are critical to ensuring the operation is successful.

A troop will often perform a battle handover and passage of lines through a single battalion while the squadron conducts the operation through a brigade. Ideally, the boundaries will correspond to the battalion boundaries so that coordination for the battle handover is conducted through a single headquarters.

The troop commander has numerous considerations to ensure a successful passage of lines. During reconnaissance, he must confirm-

• The disposition of the stationary force through which the troop will pass.
• The location of contact points where both units are required to make physical contact at a predetermined time.
• The location of passage points on the battle handover line through which friendly forces will pass.
• The location of passage lanes that provide a clear route through a friendly position, and also facilitate a smooth and continuous passage. Areas selected for passage should be unoccupied or on the flanks of units in position. If possible, use multiple routes to reduce vulnerability during the operation.
• The location of an attack position (for forward passage) or assembly area. This position should provide cover and concealment and be located where the passing unit will not interfere with the stationary unit.
• The initial location for combat support and combat service support elements.

• Supporting fires. The stationary force supports the passing unit with direct and indirect fires up to the battle handover line. In forward passage, the stationary force supports the passing unit's move through the passage and until it crosses the battle handover line. In a rearward passage, the stationary unit supports the passing unit's move back across the battle handover line and through the passage of lines.
• Time of transfer of responsibility for control of the sector and handover of the enemy.
• Troop density. The passing troop commander should plan for multiple routes of passage to ensure rapid movement and to avoid congestion.
• Traffic control. Guides from the stationary unit pick up passing elements at each contact point and guide them through the position. The passing unit commander tells the stationary unit the type, number, and order of vehicles passing through each contact point.
• Communications. The leaders exchange CEOI information and mutually agreed upon recognition signals.
• CSS. The troop commander must coordinate the evacuation of casualties, PWs, vehicles, and resupply of fuel and ammunition. The stationary unit usually provides emergency service only. The passing unit supports itself.
• Liaison officers. The troop commander should designate a representative to perform the critical duties of a liaison officer. Commanders normally coordinate a forward passage of lines and the XO coordinates a rearward passage. Liaisons are normally located at critical points during the passage. If the commander or XO is not available, a scout platoon leader should perform liaison duties. Ensure he is thoroughly briefed on the situation and follows the checklist in the troop SOP.

Section V. Hasty Water Crossing

A hasty water crossing is the movement across an inland waterway using a crossing means at hand or readily available without significant delay once the waterway is reached. It is preplanned and conducted as a continuation of the operation underway. Although the crossing is termed hasty, detailed planning assures that fire support and crossing means are available on arrival at the water obstacle.

Critical Tasks

The following critical tasks are associated with the successful conduct of a hasty water crossing:

• Plan the water crossing.
• Conduct reconnaissance.
• Establish security.
• Cross the obstacle.
• Provide continuous fire support.
• Continue the mission.

Techniques

Plan. A troop may perform a hasty water crossing independently or as part of a squadron. A hasty water crossing is performed as an extension of the ongoing operation. It gives the troop the ability to sustain the momentum of an operation, and is often associated with a movement to contact and a zone reconnaissance. The hasty water crossing is characterized by speed, surprise, minimum loss of momentum, and minimum concentration of forces.

The crossing should be preplanned to ensure fire support and crossing means are at the crossing site. The need for a water crossing should be determined in the mission analysis and added to the commander's concept of the operation. This ensures the troop's critical assets are positioned to support the water crossing. Seizing bridges intact before the enemy can destroy them is the quickest and most economical means of crossing, and is used when possible.

Reconnaissance.Scout platoons will be the first to encounter a water obstacle. When this occurs, they report it and reconnoiter it to obtain the following information, which is forwarded to the troop command post:

• Width and depth of the waterway.
• Water velocity.
• Possible entry and exit points and their conditions.
• Enemy situation on the far bank.

The troop commander, with the fire support officer, positions himself forward during the reconnaissance of the water obstacle so he can personally supervise the operation. The fire support officer will support the scouts with indirect and direct fires, if needed.

Security.A crossing can be performed with or without opposition. To avoid enemy fire while crossing, prevent him from knowing where the crossing will be.

Before the main body crosses, the scouts must secure the far bank by fording or swimming across the water obstacle and establishing positions. They should cross on both sides of the site and secure positions on the dominant terrain of the far side to provide early warning of threat activity. After securing the far side of the water obstacle, the scouts establish positions to the flanks of the crossing site to provide local security (see Figure 7-7).

Figure 7-7. Secure the far bank.

Cross the Obstacle.Once the scouts have established positions on the far bank, the troop main body is ready to cross the obstacle. Time the movement to the crossing site so that no vehicles have to pause on the near side, but all can move directly through the crossing site and to their positions on the far side to continue the operation. Once the troop starts the crossing, complete it as quickly as possible (see Figure 7-8).

Figure 7-8. Cross the obstacle.

Section VI. In-Stride Breach

When obstacles are encountered, an in-stride breach will maintain the tempo of offensive operations. Treat obstacles with caution and expect them to be covered by enemy observation and fires. The troop's ability to breach obstacles using available assets is important to ensure mission accomplishment. The size of the enemy force covering an obstacle with direct fire will, however, affect the troop's ability to conduct a hasty breach.

Tasks

The following combat tasks are associated with an in-stride breach:

• Detect the obstacle, reconnoiter it, and search for a bypass.
• Suppress all enemy positions with direct and indirect fires.
• Obscure enemy observation with smoke.
• Secure the near side of the obstacle.
• Breach or neutralize the obstacle.
• Move forces across the obstacle.
• Continue the mission.

Techniques

The enemy will reinforce natural obstacles with man-made ones to slow, disorganize, and canalize the troop. These obstacles may consist of-

• Minefields.
• Log obstacles, such as abatis, log cribs, stumps, and posts.
• Antitank ditches.
• Wire entanglements.

• Deploy and report.
• Develop the situation.
• Choose a course of action.
• Recommend a course of action.

To conserve time and manpower, the troop should attempt to bypass all obstacles. Bypassing will not always be possible because available routes around the obstacle may lead into a fire sack. Forcing through an obstacle is the least desirable method of breaching because of the resulting loss of personnel and equipment. A hasty breach may be the only viable course of action.

Before deciding on a course of action, the troop commander should position himself to observe the situation and control the operation, if possible. Once the commander decides that a hasty breach is the only course of action, he must organize the troop into a breaching element and an overwatch element. When executing the hasty breach, the commander should avoid concentrating the troop in any one area, making it vulnerable to enemy fires.

During zone reconnaissance or movement to contact, the troop operates over a 6- to 10-kilometer-wide zone. During the hasty breach, the commander may not be able to use all the platoons in the troop. In this situation, until the breach operation is complete, give the scout platoon not involved in the breach operation a limit of advance so it does not move too far ahead of the rest of the troop. It can provide the troop with an early warning of enemy activity.

The Breaching Element.The breaching element is composed of scouts and engineers attached or in support of the troop. Their mission is to create lanes through the enemy obstacle system to allow the troop to pass.

The Overwatch Element.The overwatch element is the tank/AT platoons, scouts not in the breaching force, and any additional engineers. Its mission is to provide close, continuous overwatching fires in support of the breaching element. After the breaching element has cleared lanes through the obstacle, part of the overwatch element will assault through the lane to defeat any enemy in the area of the breach. The fire support officer coordinates the fires of the mortars and any supporting artillery to suppress enemy fires with HE and to obscure his observation with smoke.

Sequence of Events in a Hasty Breach.After encountering an obstacle and the commander chooses a hasty breach as the course of action, the sequence of events is as follows:

• Scouts.
• Reconnoiter the near side of the obstacle to determine its front edge and lateral limits, enemy dispositions, if the obstacle is part of a defensive position, and if a partial or complete breach exists.
• Secure flanks in support of the breaching operation.
• Overwatch element.
• Occupy overwatch positions and provide direct and indirect suppressive fires on the enemy for elements moving to and through the obstacle.
• Use smoke to obscure enemy observation of the obstacle (see Figure 7-9).
  

Figure 7-9. Obscure enemy observation.

• Breaching element.
• Occupy covered and concealed positions to coordinate activities and prepare equipment, demolitions, and routes to the obstacles.
• After enemy fire has been suppressed, breach the obstacle.
• Secure fighting positions on the near and far sides of the obstacle (see Figure 7-10).
  

Figure 7-10. Secure fighting positions.

• Overwatch element.
• As the breaching element breaches the obstacle, a tank platoon from the overwatch element prepares to attack through the obstacle.
• Once the breaching element secures positions on the far side of the obstacle, the tank/AT or scout platoon attacks through the obstacle and destroys enemy elements that can fire directly on it. This assault element either continues to advance as the troop lead element or establishes hasty defensive positions while the remainder of the troop passes through the obstacle (see Figure 7-11).
• Troop. Continue the mission.
  
  

Figure 7-11. A tank platoon moves through the breach to establish positions on the far side.

Use the following methods to neutralize and breach minefields:

• Foot Lanes. Establish foot lanes through the obstacle when a mounted assault breach is not at first practicable. This lane is normally two meters wide, and can later be widened into vehicle lanes. Foot lanes allow the troop to move forces through the obstacle to secure the far side.
• The Bangalore Torpedo. This device will clear foot lanes through mines and wire obstacles. It will clear a path three to four meters wide through wire entanglements and a narrow footpath through a minefield.
• Vehicle Lanes. After the first breach is made, foot lanes may be widened to one-way vehicle lanes at least eight meters wide. Vehicle lanes may also be breached separately from foot lanes. Use existing roads when possible. Vehicle-pushed rollers, if available, should be used to proof the lane cleared by line charges.
• The M173 Rocket-Projected Line Charge. This is an AT minefield clearing device. When the line charge explodes, it clears a vehicle lane about six meters wide.

Section VII. NBC Defensive Operations

Operations

NBC defense operations reduce casualties and damage to equipment and materiel, and minimize confusion and interruption of the troop's mission in the event of enemy NBC attacks. These operations are performed concurrently with all combat operations to preserve the fighting strength of the troop.

Tasks

The following combat tasks are associated with the conduct of troop NBC defense operations:

• Prepare for a nuclear attack.
• Respond to the initial effects of a nuclear attack.
• Respond to the residual effects of a nuclear attack.
• Cross a radiologically contaminated area.
• Conduct radiological reconnaissance.
• Perform radiological decontamination.
• Prepare for a chemical agent attack.
• Respond to a chemical agent attack.
• Cross a chemically contaminated area.
• Conduct a chemical reconnaissance.
• Perform hasty decontamination.
• Coordinate for deliberate decontamination of equipment.
• Exchange protective clothing.

Organization

The troop's NBC defense system is composed of a trained NBC officer (usually the XO), an NBC NCO, and an enlisted alternate from troop headquarters. Troop soldiers are also designated and trained to operate all assigned NBC equipment and to assist decontamination teams.

The NBC officer supervises troop NBC defense activities and assists the commander in training NBC equipment operators and decontamination teams. The NBC NCO and his alternate directly supervise radiological monitoring, chemical detection, and decontamination operations. During combat operations, the NBC NCO is located in the command post where he-

• Receives, prepares, evaluates, and disseminates information and reports enemy and friendly NBC attacks.
• Supervises employment of detection, monitoring and survey, and decontamination teams.
• Maintains unit radiation exposure status records.
• Assists the troop commander in analyzing guidance from squadron, mission, threat, and weather as they affect NBC operations. Recommends appropriate MOPP level based on this information.

Chemical Agent Detection Team.Each troop has twelve chemical agent detection teams. There are three in each scout platoon and one in each tank/AT platoon, one in the mortar section, one in the command post, and one in each combat trains and field trains. Each team has an M256 detector kit, a chemical agent alarm, detector paper, 400 meters of WD-1/TT for remoting the alarm, and enough batteries and supplies for seven days of continuous operations.

Radiological Monitoring and Survey Team.Each troop has seven teams, each equipped with an IM 174/PD dose rate instrument and an IM 93/147 dosimeter. One detection team from each platoon serves as a radiological monitoring and survey team. Also, the mortar section, maintenance section, and troop headquarters each have a radiological monitoring and survey team.

Deliberate Decontamination Team.Deliberate decontamination teams are organized by the vehicle crew. One crew from each scout and tank/AT platoon is designated as a decontamination team. This team is used to support the deliberate decontamination of the troop. One crew from each platoon should receive special training from the squadron chemical section to execute this task.

Techniques

Proficiency in NBC defense operations is attained only by strict adherence to standardized procedures as outlined in the troop SOP. The troop must be proficient in the following three fundamentals of NBC defense to survive and remain an effective fighting unit:

• Contamination avoidance (before, during, and after an attack).
• Protection (before, during, and after an attack).
• Decontamination (after an attack).

• Dispersion. Maintain dispersion between vehicles whether stationary or moving; vehicles bunched together are much easier to find. This is especially important when occupying assembly areas, conducting resupply operations, or when crossing obstacles and waterways.
• Concealment. Concealed positions prevent the enemy from observing vehicles and personnel from the ground or air.
• Camouflage. When concealment is not available or adequate, use camouflage to hide vehicles and positions.
• Communications security (COMSEC)/signals security (SIGSEC). The enemy can easily locate positions with direction-finding equipment if the troop does not adhere to proper communications procedures. Ensure all troop elements properly encode messages sent over unsecured nets.
• OPSEC. Take all possible actions to deceive the enemy about troop movement, positioning, intentions, and size. Mask movement by using folds in the terrain. Use hide positions when not moving or engaging the enemy. Enforce noise and light discipline. To deceive the enemy about the number of troop vehicles, start all vehicles simultaneously, and cover all track marks that lead into positions.

Take the following actions to reduce the effects of a chemical or nuclear attack:

• Improve positions. Use available natural and man-made cover, such as folds in the earth, buildings, and dug-in positions, to protect personnel, equipment, materials, and supplies.
• Alert personnel. Inform soldiers to assume the appropriate MOPP level (see Table 7-1), based on the possibility of enemy attack and the MOPP analysis. Inspect unit and individual NBC equipment and prepare for operations.

Table 7-1. Mission-oriented protection posture levels.

MOPP LEVEL	OVERGARMENT	BOOTIES	MASK/HOOD**	GLOVES
0	Stored Nearby*	Stored Nearby*	Carried	Stored Nearby*
MASK ONLY	Carried	Carried	Worn	Carried
1	Worn, open or closed based on temperature	Carried	Carried				Carried
2	Same as MOPP 1	Worn	Carried				Carried
3	Same as MOPP 1	Worn	Worn, hood open or closed based on temperature				Carried
4	Worn, closed	Worn	Worn				Worn
On combat vehicle or in fighting position. Includes M258A1 kit and detector paper.

• Protect equipment and supplies. Protect against chemical contamination inside a vehicle since it is very hard to decontaminate. Keep all hatches closed, if possible, and turn on vehicle overpressure system. Cover equipment and supplies stored outdoors or in tank bustles. Nonporous plastic sheets make good covers. Use tarpaulins if plastic is not available.
• Position alarms. Activate and emplace automatic alarms to provide the earliest possible warning of an attack. Position the alarms upwind and at least 150 meters away from stationary positions. Keep adjacent alarms about 300 meters apart.
• Alert NBC personnel and teams. Ensure NBC personnel and teams are available and prepared to perform their assigned missions.

• Chemical alarm sounds.
• Positive reading on detector paper.
• Individuals exhibiting symptoms of chemical or biological agent poisoning.

Actions in response to a chemical or nuclear attack are standardized and included in the troop SOP.

• Initiate immediate masking and sound alarm (visual, audible, or voice).
• Continue mission.
• Assume MOPP 4 as rapidly as possible.
• Treat casualties.
• Send NBC-1 report and update it as more information becomes available.
• Identify the agent.
• Initiate decontamination operations.

Actions After an Attack.Warn all subordinate elements immediately so they can take appropriate actions. In addition, alert squadron and all adjacent units, giving priority to the unit downwind from the attack. The troop and squadron are extremely vulnerable at the beginning of a chemical attack. Continue the troop mission while preparing for the enemy; he will take advantage of the chemical attack by conducting tactical operations.

In accordance with the troop SOP, prepare and send an NBC-1 report immediately. The personnel observing the attack send the report to the troop XO and NBC NCO in the command post. The XO forwards the report to the squadron TOC. Send the report immediately, and update it as more information is available. Treat any casualties of the attack using self-aid and buddy-aid, and report their status through the troop command post to the squadron S1. Operating in MOPP 4 will, over time, reduce the troop's effectiveness in combat operations. Soldiers become fatigued and lose mental and physical dexterity. Maintaining command and control becomes very difficult during extended MOPP 4 operations.

The troop must determine the type of agent used in the attack and the extent of contamination. Initiate tests with the M256 detector kit to identify the type of agent. The M256 kit detects and identifies field concentrations of nerve, blister, or blood agents. This test will help determine when unmasking may be safe after a chemical attack. Update the NBC-1 report with any information provided by the test. Decontaminate if required, and unmask as soon as possible.

When the troop is contaminated with persistent or semipersistent chemical agents, decontamination is necessary before reducing the MOPP level. Implement the following decontamination techniques:

• Start the skin decontamination within one minute of contamination.
• Apply decontaminating agents to equipment and vehicles to limit the spread of contamination and shorten the duration of the hazard. Use the M258A1 kit for personnel wipe down, and the M11 or M13 decontamination apparatus for vehicle/equipment spray down.

Initiate unmasking procedures as soon as possible after a chemical attack, to reduce the performance degradation that occurs while soldiers are in MOPP 4. Unmasking procedures differ based on the availability of detection equipment. When nonpersistent agents are used in the attack and an M256 detector kit is available, use the kit to determine when the agent is no longer present. Instruct two or three individuals to unmask for 5 minutes, remask, and sit in a shady area for 10 minutes. Check the individuals for chemical agent symptoms. If no symptoms appear, it is safe to unmask.

When no detector kit is available, direct two or three soldiers to perform the following procedures. Have them keep their eyes open, take a deep breath, hold it, and break the seal on their mask for 15 seconds. Reseal and clear the mask, and wait 10 minutes in a shady area. Check them for chemical agent symptoms. Have them break the seal and take three or four breaths and reseal the mask. Wait 10 minutes and check them for symptoms. Have them unmask for 5 minutes and remask for 10. Check for symptoms. If no symptoms appear, assume it is safe for all to unmask.

Following a persistent or semipersistent attack, begin unmasking procedures after hasty decontamination is complete and the M256 kit indicates no agent is present.

Operations in a Nuclear Environment

Radiological Monitoring.This is the detection of radiation and the measurement of dose rate with radiac instruments. Monitoring finds a hazard that would otherwise go unmeasured or undetected. It is conducted by the troop radiological monitoring and survey team, which monitors-

• Total dose using the IM 93/147.
• Dose rate using the IM 174/PD.
• Food, water, and personnel contamination using the AN/PDR-27.

Based on NBC-4 monitoring reports, the troop may conduct a radiological survey to determine the degree and extent of contamination. This information is forwarded to squadron in an NBC-4 report and on DA Form 1971-R.

Exposure Control.While operating in a nuclear environment, the troop must control exposure to nuclear radiation. An operational exposure guide is a method of determining the maximum radiation dosage to which platoons can be exposed and still accomplish a mission. Determine radiation exposure by the cumulative dose or the platoon's radiation history.

Platoons record and report their total dose radiation daily, per SOP, to the troop command post where the NBC NCO compiles the data. The dose is determined by averaging the readings from both platoon dosimeters and rounding to the nearest 10. The NBC NCO totals each platoon's average dosage, and coverts it to a radiation status (see Table 7-2). He maintains a record of the radiation exposure status of each platoon and submits a daily radiation exposure status report to the squadron (see Table 7-3).

Table 7-2. Radiation dose categories.

RADIATION DOSE CATEGORIES
THE TABLE INDICATES THAT THE NUMERICAL VALUE OF cGys RECEIVED BY EACH PLATOON IS CONVERTED TO A RADIATION EXPOSURE STATUS (RES) FOR EACH PLATOON. THE CONVERSION FACTORS ARE SHOWN BELOW.
RADIATION STATUS CATEGORY	TOTAL CUMULATIVE DOSE (cGy)
RES-0	0 (NO EXPOSURE)
RES-1	GREATER THAN 0 BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 70
RES-2	GREATER THAN 70 BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 150
RES-3	GREATER THAN 150

Table 7-3. Radiation exposure chart.

Table 7-4. Unit radiation status.

GRAPHIC CONTROL MEASURES

Figure 7-6 shows the graphic control measures that support battle handover and rearward passage of lines.

Battle handover line. This line is established by the common commander in consultation with both commanders. The stationary commander has the major determination in locating the BHL, as his force must be able to overwatch the BHL with direct fires.

• ·

Contact points. These are established on identifiable terrain and normally in the vicinity of the passage lanes. For rearward passage of lines, the contact points are established forward at the BHL. For forward passage of lines, the contact points are established in the stationary unit's rear area rearward of the passage lanes.

Passage points. The passage point is that point on the passage lane where the moving unit moves through, and responsibility for the battle is passed to the stationary unit. It is usually placed where the passage lane begins.

• ·

Passage lanes. The stationary unit establishes passage lanes to move the passing unit quickly through defending unit positions. This could include passing through gaps in friendly obstacles and moving near or through friendly engagement areas and battle positions. Lanes are restrictive; however, they should ideally be wide enough to allow the passing unit to move in a tactical formation. The passage lane begins at the passage point and ends at the rear of the stationary unit BPs. The passage is considered complete when the moving unit exits the lane.

Routes. Routes are used to move the passing unit through the stationary unit rear area. The number of routes designated will vary based on METT-T, but as a general rule, multiple lanes/routes should be planned to facilitate rapid passage of moving units and to avoid unnecessary massing of units. The stationary unit may escort or guide the passing unit along the lane/route.

• ·

Assembly area. An assembly area in the rear area of the stationary unit allows the passing unit to conduct hasty reorganization and emergency CSS actions. This assembly area is temporary in nature.

Infiltration points. Units should plan infiltration points and lanes for personnel unable to complete the passage with the unit. Passing unit liaison officers may remain located with stationary unit CPs to serve as a point of contact for infiltrating personnel/equipment. Personnel who infiltrate must have some way of contacting the stationary unit before crossing into friendly territory.

• 

Figure 7-6. Rearward passage of lines.

Techniques

>

RADIATION STATUS (RS) CATEGORY	TOTAL PAST CUMULATIVE	EXPOSURE CRITERIA FOR A SINGLE OPERATION (cGy)
RS-0 UNITS	NO EXPOSURE	NEG RISK: 50 MOD RISK: 70 EMERG RISK: 150
RS-1 UNITS	GREATER THAN 0 BUT NOT MORE THAN 70	NEG RISK: 50-PAST DOSE MOD RISK: 70-PAST DOSE EMERG RISK: 150-PAST DOSE
RS-2 UNITS	GREATER THAN 70, NOT MORE THAN 150	ANY FURTHER EXPOSURE IS CONSIDERED EMERG RISK
RS-3 UNITS	GREATER THAN 150	ALL FURTHER EXPOSURE WILL EXCEED EMERG RISK
1. RADIATION EXPOSURE STATUS CATEGORIES ARE BASED ON PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO RADIATION.
2. RECLASSIFICATION OF UNITS FROM ONE RADIATION EXPOSURE STATUS CATEGORY TO A LESS SERIOUS ONE IS MADE BY THE COMMANDER UPON ADVICE OF THE MEDICAL PLATOON LEADER AFTER AMPLE OBSERVATION OF ACTUAL STATE OF HEALTH OF THE EXPOSED PERSONNEL.
3. ALL EXPOSURES TO RADIATION ARE CONSIDERED TOTAL BODY AND SIMPLY ADDITIVE. NO ALLOWANCE IS MADE FOR BODY RECOVERY FROM RADIATION INJURY.
4. NEGLIGIBLE RISK WILL CAUSE NO CASUALTIES AND A LESS THAN 2.5 PERCENT INCIDENCE OF VOMITING. MODERATE RISK WILL RESULT IN A LESS THAN 5 PERCENT INCIDENCE OF VOMITING AND HEADACHES, BUT WILL CAUSE NO CASUALTIES. EMERGENCY RISK WILL RESULT IN LESS THAN 5 PERCENT CASUALTIES AND A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND HEADACHES.

• Move if necessary.
• Position vehicle behind best available cover with front of vehicle toward the blast.
• Point gun away from blast.
• Lock brakes.
• Secure loose equipment in vehicle.
• Secure inside the vehicle all exterior components that could be damaged by the blast.
• Close and lock all hatches, to include ballistic shields.
• Wear helmets and protect eyes.
• Turn off and disconnect all radios but one, which is needed to retain communications with squadron.

If the troop is contaminated with fallout, the level of contamination is monitored by the monitor and survey teams. Decontamination is accomplished by brushing or wiping the dust off the equipment. Brush off or shake out MOPP gear and wash down the equipment and vehicles to reduce radiological contamination. Use the AN/PDR-27 to determine decontamination requirements and to determine if supplies of food and water must be destroyed.

Choose your next action:

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