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CHAPTER 5

WATER MANAGEMENT

THEATER ARMY WATER MANAGEMENT

The TA carries out the theaterwide CSS operation. This is done through area-oriented commands and specialized organizations. Based on the priorities and tactical plans of operational commanders, the TA will divide forces and give support to the deployed Army and other component forces.

The TA petroleum group gives centralized distribution of bulk petroleum products to US forces in the theater. It also commands GS water supply battalions. In doing this, the petroleum group provides theaterwide command of all TA water purification, storage, and distribution; command of US interzonal hose lines; and host nation liaison for water support. It also interfaces with the TAMMC for the movement and distribution of water into the COMMZ and corps rear areas. When hose line systems are in use, other transportation methods provide the extension from the terminal to the users. The petroleum group permits growth as the theater develops and requirements are increased.

One petroleum group is assigned for each TA. It commands from two to five water supply battalions. Central management of water supply is accomplished at the TA by the TAMMC. Requirements are sent from supported units. They are consolidated at the troop support materiel division of the TAM MC. These needs are then submitted to the petroleum directorate where they are joined with other US forces needs and sent to the petroleum group.

The TA petroleum group manages a theater water quality surveillance program, stores and maintains the TA water supply, and provides for alternate means of distribution of water. It also works together with the TAMMC petroleum directorate on theater water needs. Maximum use is made of existing facilities for water purification, storage, and distribution.

The theater GS water supply system is an automatic resupply operation. It is based on the storage policy and capability of receiving units. The forward movement of water supply is thus based on available empty storage space. When demand exceeds supply, the theater commander will establish an allocation system, based on priority, to support, the theater plan of operations. This system is refined by the TA commander and provided to the petroleum group through the TAMMC in the form of allocation instructions. These instructions are issued instead of MROs. Requirements for water are sent from supported units to water points. The water points pass the information through the MMCs to the petroleum group. Transactions for GS water issues are posted at the MMC after issues are made (post-post transaction). In all cases, however, issues are made within allocation instructions sent through the TAMMC (see Figure 5-1).

The TAACOM carries out the functions assigned by the TA commander. The functions include command of subordinate units that provide GS and DS CSS. Also, the functions include out-of-sector support and support for the corps as directed by the TA commander through the TAMMC. TAACOM units perform bulk POL and water pipeline system operations, when this task is not assigned to a petroleum group at the theater level.

DS in the COMMZ is provided on an area basis by water elements of the TAACOM S& S battalions. The TAACOM S& S battalion water elements draw and purify water from available sources. They also establish water supply points collocated with class I distribution points in DS of units in the COMMZ. Water is provided on an "as required" basis by supply point distribution (see Figure 5-2).

CORPS-LEVEL WATER MANAGEMENT

To fulfill its mission, the COSCOM MMC performs the following:

• Directs storage and distribution of water supplies.
• Provides inventory management of GS water supplies stocked with the corps.
• Receives and processes requirements for water from supported activities.
• Passes requirements to TAMMC or directs issue from available stocks.
• Collects, sorts, and analyzes water supply and maintenance data.
• Sends data to the MCC or forecasts needs for water movement in the corps for the MCC's use in creating the corps movement plan.

Personnel in the CMMC handle water for the corps. They manage:

• Day-to-day water support needs.
• Production, storage, and distribution of water.
• Reports and information needed for routine activity.
• Planning for water supply. Daily operations of CMMC personnel include directing production, storage and distribution of water, and reviewing and analyzing demands. They evaluate and balance work loads and resources of water supply units in the combat zone.

CMMC personnel should know the capabilities of the transportation system and its ability to move water. Water is processed and distributed in divisions by using their own assets. Potable water supply throughout the corps is on a demand basis from water supply points. When divisions, ACRs, and separate brigades are unable to provide enough water, water supply will be provided by the COSCOM. CMMC personnel will develop plans for processing requirements and distribution based on needs of the corps.

DIVISION-LEVEL WATER MANAGEMENT

The DISCOM plans, directs, and supervises the division's water purification and water distribution support.

The DISCOM commander guides the DMMC in the handling of water functions for the division. Based on this guidance, the DMMC prepares, reviews, and approves detailed plans and policies on water functions. These functions include the operating of water production and distribution points.

The DMMC manages receipt and processing of requirements for water supplies from supported units. It also gives direction and mode of delivery for the issue of water supplies to divisional units. The general supply section of the DMMC consists of the class I supply branch, class III supply branch, and classes II and IV supply branch. The class I supply branch provides centralized command supply management, supply data, and information on division water supply support operations in temperate, tropical, and arctic areas. The class III supply branch provides this management function in arid areas. It maintains water supply status and monitors water allocations and division priorities for water resources. It ensures that maneuver units have enough stocks to meet needs. It diverts stocks as necessary. The branch directs water shipments according to plans for specific operations. It consolidates division water needs and sends them to COSCOM MMCs. It coordinates with the division engineer staff on needs for help in preparation, site access, or other construction support requirements for water sites. It coordinates with the corps engineer staff on division needs for water source detection support and water well drilling. It provides data and other help to the division G4 for planning requirements and water support operations. It provides staff expertise on water quality control and treatment standards and coordinates with the division surgeon's office on water quality.

Division units submit water supply requirements, usually consolidated at battalion level, to the supporting water point. The water section uses standard computations data to determine the total daily water needs for supported units. The supporting water point sends the total daily needs to the DMMC.

The DMMC water section receives total daily requirements from the forward and main water points. It checks purification and storage capabilities of each water point and diverts stock if necessary. It combines and submits the total daily water requirements to the COSCOM MMC. Daily operations of COSCOM MMC personnel include directing storage and distribution of water and reviewing and analyzing demands. They evaluate and balance work loads and resources of water supply units in the combat zone.