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DATE=12/17/1999 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT TITLE=YEARENDER: AFGHANISTAN NUMBER=5-44974 BYLINE=SCOTT ANGER DATELINE=ISLAMABAD CONTENT= VOICED AT: INTRO: 1999 was another year of dashed hopes that peace will return anytime soon to Afghanistan. The country's problems have been compounded by the Taleban's refusal to extradite accused terrorist Osama bin Laden, who is living in the country. As Correspondent Scott Anger reports, relations between the ruling Taleban and the world community have further deteriorated, meaning more suffering for the people of Afghanistan. TEXT: Driven from their homes by heavy fighting, refugees from the Shomali Plain north of the capital, Kabul, looked as if they had had enough. Some had walked nearly 50-kilometers to the capital from their villages to escape the Taleban's massive summer offensive aimed at pushing the opposition forces out of the region. Many were angry. Most were resolved to deal with the situation and to adapt as best they could. That is what the Afghan people have been doing for more than 20-years -- and 1999 was no different. A tailor in Afghanistan's capital, Ghulam Hazrat, says he has grown tired of the war and the constant day-to- day struggle to keep his family fed. But he says after so many years of war, such adapting is part of life. /// HAZRAT ACT IN DARI WITH TRANSLATION /// In the past two decades, we have had many problems, but we are still surviving. Everyone knows Afghans can survive. /// END ACT /// U-N sponsored peace talks in March raised hopes that some agreement could be reached to bring an end to the fighting which has plagued the country. The Taleban and opposition alliance met in the Turkmen capital, Ashgabat to hammer out a peace plan. U-N mediator Andrew Tesoriere, thanked both sides and Afghanistan's neighbors for their efforts to bring peace to the country. /// TESORIERE ACT /// What the United Nations is delighted to note, and continues to respect, is the influence and behind-the-scenes contributions made by a range of countries towards this process of building mutual confidence to reach a political settlement. /// END ACT /// In the end, despite a verbal power-sharing agreement and praise from the United Nations, the Ashgabat talks failed. The power-sharing agreement to form a broad- based government in Kabul never materialized. Furthermore, U-N praise for Afghanistan's neighbors quickly faded into condemnation. The world body has criticized Afghanistan's neighbors, such as Pakistan and Iran, for their support of various groups fighting in the conflict. As the winter snows melted in the Hindu Kush Mountains, battles continued. Fighting intensified in July after the Taleban launched a major offensive in a bid to bring all Afghanistan under its control. After two weeks of intense ground and air attacks, the Taleban managed to drive opposition fighters back into their stronghold in the Panjsher Valley. Days later, a counter-attack led by opposition Commander Ahmad Shah Masood erased the Taleban's gains and drove them back to the original frontlines north of the capital. Since capturing Kabul in September 1996, the Taleban has gained control of about 90-percent of the country. The rest - which lies mainly in the north - continues to be held by forces loyal to Commander Masood. The Taleban has failed to receive international recognition. Instead, its relations with the international community further deteriorated after the movement failed to hand over accused terrorist Osama bin Laden for trial. The Saudi militant is wanted by the United States in connection with 1998 bombings that killed more than 200-people at two U-S embassies in Africa. As a result, Washington imposed economic sanctions against the Taleban in August. The United States froze American bank accounts of Taleban-run companies such as the national airline, Ariana. The international pressure on the hard-line Islamic movement continued. In November, the U-N Security Council - at the urging of the United States - set a deadline for the Taleban to hand over Mr. bin Laden. Once again, the Taleban defied world pressure, saying Osama bin Laden is a guest of the Taleban and that the world has failed to provide evidence of his guilt. Senior regional coordinator for U-N humanitarian activities in Afghanistan Jolyon Leslie says pressuring Afghanistan is not achieving what the international community says it wants - a stable and peaceful Afghanistan. /// LESLIE ACT /// The international community needs to make up its mind whether it wants a country of dependents, which will create a sort of humanitarian dust bin - with no disrespect intended for the Afghan people, they are very resilient - or is it going to continue to be battled in by outside interests. All we can do is reassure the Afghan people, primarily, but secondly the authorities, that we will try to keep the aid flowing. As long as there is not a serious climate of instability, which ironically, of course, may well be spawned by things like sanctions. /// END ACT /// Meanwhile, seasonal snows have closed mountain passes and have given the warring factions a chance to re- stock supplies and to re-group forces. If no progress has been made toward peace by the time the snows melt in the spring, Afghanistan will be faced with another year of war. (SIGNED) NEB/SA/RAE 17-Dec-1999 15:21 PM EDT (17-Dec-1999 2021 UTC) NNNN Source: Voice of America .





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