Prefectura Naval
The Naval Prefecture Argentina has a historical and functional tradition, not by repeatedly exhibited and recognized, stop deserve continued attention. The many facets of its activities, of undoubted public impact and subsequent innovations in their methods and means, renewed the interest in what constitutes a true example of dedication to the tasks entrusted by the State and society distinguished by its significance essentially humanitarian.
The Argentina Naval Prefecture is a dependent of the Ministry of security of the nation security force. A method of functional synthesis, can be defined as a police institution of specialized features aimed at the exercise of the public service of safety of navigation police, security police and public order, police, judicial and administrative jurisdiction of the navigation. Intervenes in what its competence in all matters relating to the preservation of the environment police, police in sea and river fishing and hunting and, by delegation, exercises functions of auxiliary police, customs, immigration and health.
The Prefecture has not only a dilated geographical scope of performance characterized by particular local issues, but also a vast functional spectrum of highly complex technical, applicable to a mutable environment by increasing technological development. In this context, the safety of human life and property in the waters, ports and coasts is a top element underlying all circumstances, demanding timely and accurate answers. To meet these requirements, the Prefecture has adopted a structure that responds to the concept of normative centralization and decentralization Executive.
The increase in navigation and trade in the port of Buenos Aires, gave reason to the Spanish authorities establish the port captain's Office in 1756, as the institution responsible for covering specifically the safety of navigation and ports police, thus replacing the fulfillment of some of these functions exercised beforehand by the developedGovernors, major Sheriffs and other capitular authorities. To carry out the position of Captain of the port was appointed then D. Juan Antonio Guerreros, happening other Spaniards until 1806, opportunity in which is named D. Martín Jacobo Thompson, the first Creole to accede to that office.
The first Board joined the prefecture as institution of the country in 1810, fact that occurred through two decrees: one of 25 June, which were officially available that the port captain's Office was subordinated to the first patriotic Government, refraining from obey to the Spanish Navy headquarters in Montevideo; the other from June 30 that drafted of handwritten Dr. Mariano Moreno - Secretary of Government and war Board - naming Thompson as the first captain of ports of the United Provinces of the river of the Plata.
The Spanish Crown transferred their colonies the same administrative structure governing the peninsula. The powers and responsibilities work initially in the "collection of laws of the kingdoms of Indias", enacted in 1680 by Carlos II and more precisely, in the "General Regulations" of 1793, dictated by King Carlos IV, whose title 7 regulate the "police general ports and any other anchorages in charge of captains of ports and the other obligations of these"with roles as the habilitation in practical, inspection of safety conditions of ships, pre-trial proceedings by occurrences of navigation, crimes and contraventions, dispatch vessels, control of sailors and passengers, ban throw rubbish and debris to waters, functioning of the Board of health, etc. which continues currently serving the prefecture.
This grouping of functions remained over time with slight variations. You may revolution occurs, the Ensign of frigate D. Martín Jacobo Thompson was the captain of ports and Commander of vehicle registration. Many prominent men of our history occupied that office, as Matías de Irigoyen, Zapiola, Azopardo, Toll and Bernadet, Spore, Erezcano, etc. The enumeration of history concerning the functions assigned for so long time would be large, but its review, it can be inferred that the jurisdiction and powers of the prefecture were shaping and improving over time in a harmonious way, by defining a specific area, repeatedly described as exclusive, that it was giving physiognomy in the concert of the organs that make up the national public administration during the last century.
On October 29, 1896 was enacted law 3.445, legal framework which, by its data, testifies to the antiquity of the institution. Both in the previous and in its articles parliamentary process, explains that anything new comes to create with this law and that the prefecture is the same organization Spanish so-called "port captain" and their same functions being then no doubt continuation of the old coastguard and exclusive police the seas, rivers, canals and ports under national jurisdiction. This functional area is reiterated and wide then by laws laid down subsequent, among which is the Act of navigation (20.094). That instrument governed its evolution until 1969, year in which was enacted 18.398, current repertoire of the mission and powers that the State commits to the Argentina Naval Prefecture.
After the AlfonsIn administration assumed office in 1983, plans were implemented to place the nation's two paramilitary forces, the National Gendarmerie and the Argentine Naval Prefecture, under the immediate command and authority of the Ministry of Defense. The Argentine Army commanded the gendarmerie until July 1984. The navy's authority over the prefecture remained in effect until October 1984. The combined size of the forces in the early 1980s was estimated at over 20,000.
The 9,000-strong [as of 1985] Argentine Naval Prefecture served as a coastal guard and patrol force. Its mission included interdicting contraband, protecting maritime resources within Argentina's 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and carrying out search-and-rescue missions at sea. The prefecture was also charged with the regulation of the national ports and with the maintenance of navigational aids.
The prefecture's newest equipment included five Spanish-built Halcon-class corvettes that were acquired in the early 1980s, armed with 40mm guns, and used for ocean patrols. The other four large, oceangoing patrol craft were aging vessels that were previously in service with the Argentine Navy. The principal patrol craft used by the prefecture were 17 German-built Z-28-class boats. Some were armed with 20mm guns and were used in the South Atlantic War, during which three were lost. In addition to a tug and a sail training craft, there were also several 95-foot vessels used as coast guard cutters and over a dozen more small patrol craft. The prefecture also operated a small air fleet composed of five fixed-wing transports and nine helicopters.
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