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INSAT 1

Between 1982 and 1990 four U.S.-built INSAT 1 satellites were launched to support Indian domestic communications and Earth observation requirements as a joint venture among the Indian Department of Space, the Department of Telecommunications, the Meteorological Department, All-India Radio, and All India Doorarshan Television. The Ford Aerospace spacecraft had a mass of 650 kg on station and carried twelve 6/4 GHz transponders with an output power of 4.5 W and three (two active plus one backup) 6/2.5 GHz transponders. Both INSAT 1A (April, 1982) and INSAT1C (July, 1988) were lost due to malfunctions within 18 months of launch. INSAT 1B (August, 1983) was no longer in operational service during 1993-1994, instead being used for special experiments. INSAT 1 D (June, 1990) was operational at 83 degrees E.