References

52. P. B. de Selding, "Norway Plans to Bail Out of ESA Hermes Space Plane", Space News, 4-10 November 1991,p.7.
53. P. B. de Selding, "ESA Mulls Drastic Alternatives to Hermes", Space News, 25-31 May 1992, p. 4.
54. "Hermes Demonstrator Proposed For Suborbital Flight in 2000", Aviation Week and Space Technology, 8 June 1992, p. 23.
55. P. B. de Selding, "ESA Proposes End To Costly Hermes Efforts", Space News, 7-13 September 1992, pp.1, 20 and P. B. de Selding, "Hermes' End Draws Outbursts in Parliament", Space News, 23-29 November 1992, p. 6.
56. P.B. de Selding, "Europe Drops Shuttle Effort", Space News, 27 September - 3 October 1993, pp. 1, 28.
57. Annual Report '93, ESA, May 1994.
Adapted from: Europe and Asia in Space 1993-1994, Nicholas Johnson and David Rodvold [Kaman Sciences / Air Force Phillips Laboratory]

Hermes

ESA's one priority Hermes spaceplane program was officially cancelled in 1993 after it had been severely curtailed to an ESA-Russian technology development program the previous year (References 52-57). Two other proposed man-related space transportation programs, the Crew Transport Vehicle and the Automated Transfer Vehicle, are described in Section 3.1 of this report.

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Space

References

Hermes