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1-1. The air defense artillery (ADA) mission is to protect the force and selected geopolitical assets from aerial attack, missile attack, and surveillance. This protection is normally provided within a joint theater and requires that Army TAMD systems be integrated with joint TAMD systems and that operations be closely coordinated.

1-2. The AAMDC mission is to strategically deploy combat ready air defense artillery units and perform theater air and missile defense planning, coordination, integration, and execution in support of the commander-in-chief's (CINC's) priorities. In performing this mission, the AAMDC ensures that the Army's contribution to the TAMD fight is seamlessly integrated, coordinated, and synchronized with other Army, joint, and multinational units, and supports the joint force commander's intent.

1-3. The AAMDC is the Army's operational lead for Army theater air and missile defense. In wartime, the AAMDC deploys into the theater of operations in support of the Army forces (ARFOR) commander or, if designated, the joint forces land component commander (JFLCC), ensuring that Army TAMD operations are properly coordinated and integrated with those of joint and multinational forces. In peacetime, the AAMDC ensures Army echelons above corps (EAC) ADA forces are properly trained and ready to support TAMD operations. The AAMDC plans and executes a variety of training activities, exercises, and simulations to ensure force readiness. It also coordinates with joint and multinational partners to develop procedures for combined TAMD operations, interoperability, and training. See Figure 1-1 on the following page for a functional comparison with the ADA brigade headquarters.

1-4. The AAMDC is a multicomponent organization of active and reserve component intelligence, fire support, aviation, chemical, air defense, special forces, signal, and logistic personnel melded into an effective TAMD team. A second AAMDC is authorized and will consist of all reserve component personnel. Although not part of the AAMDC table of organization and equipment, civilian contractor personnel may be required to augment the AAMDC for operational and technical support. The organizational structure of the AAMDC is shown in Figure 1-2. It consists of a command section and twelve subordinate sections: the Chief of Staff, G1 (Personnel), G2 (Intelligence), G3 (Operations), G4 (Logistics), G6 (Communications/Electronics), Headquarters Commandant, Inspector General (IG), Public Affairs, Staff Judge Advocate (SJA), Battery Headquarters, and Motor Maintenance sections.

1-5. The major functions of the command section and its subordinate staff are summarized below:

1-6. The Command Section exercises C² of the AAMDC and subordinate units and ensures that functions pertaining to the overall operation of the AAMDC are planned, coordinated, and executed. The Command Section also performs battle management functions and oversees the planning, initial entry, and combat operations for air and missile defense functions.

1-7. The Chief of Staff Section directs and coordinates the activities of the subordinate staff (to include the special staff, Public Affairs Section, Chaplain, IG, and SJA) and ensures assigned tasks are promptly and efficiently completed.

1-8. The Personnel Section is responsible for personnel administration and manpower management and is the focal point for all personnel-related matters and services. It advises and assists the commander in management of personnel records and reports, personnel replacements, discipline, morale, and welfare.

1-9. The Intelligence Section is the focal point for all military intelligence and counterintelligence, assists the G3 in operations security, and provides TAMD intelligence support to Army component forces and other joint/multinational forces as required. It is responsible for the following intelligence production, dissemination, and support activities: developing, refining and validating the intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB); assisting the commander in identifying priority intelligence requirements (PIRs); developing and refining the intelligence estimate; processing requests for information (RFIs); analyzing intelligence reports and messages; developing target recommendations; and keeping the commander informed of intelligence capabilities and limitations and their potential impact on operations. The section is also responsible for acquiring, maintaining, and monitoring intelligence systems; determining intelligence communication requirements; assisting in the development of physical security plans, operational plans, and operational security measures; and coordinating intelligence and security drills.

1-10. The Operations Section is responsible for coordinating, integrating and synchronizing all current and future AAMDC operations. It directs the emplacement of the tactical operations center (TOC) and monitors the operational status, location and engagement capabilities of land-based active air defense units. The section coordinates unit movements and maintains situational awareness of the TAMD battle. Although normally the AAMDC does not have C² of any attack operations (field artillery or aviation) or passive defense forces (chemical), the operations section monitors aspects of their operations/capabilities that may impact AAMDC operations. (For instance, the operations section monitors the location and status of all decontamination units/sites available to support AAMDC forces). It also establishes and maintains liaison officers at major theater and ARFOR or JFLCC C² nodes to facilitate the conduct of air and missile defense operations. For example, in the event a missile is launched, the operations section receives missile launch and TBM impact points, disseminates early warning, and after analysis passes targeting recommendations on the enemy's launch platforms and associated infrastructure to the deep operations coordination cell (DOCC). The operations section prepares the AMD annex to the ARFOR or JFLCC's operations plan/operations order (OPLAN/OPORD). It also develops plans to support future operations, assists integration of TMD time sensitive and planned air tasking order (ATO) target missions, and assists in the development of the theater air defense plan. The section also ensures that all forces assigned to the AAMDC are trained and oversees force modernization initiatives.

1-11. The Logistics Section is responsible for coordinating the supply, maintenance, transportation and services for the command. It determines current and future ADA supply needs, recommends logistical allocations and priorities, and assists the operations section in preparing plans for service support. The section also monitors equipment readiness and unique ADA classes of supply (Class V and IX). It also prepares the movement annex to OPLANs/OPORDs, coordinates and schedules transportation operations and advises units on current transport requirements and movement restrictions.

1-12. The Communications/Electronics (C/E) Section provides data and voice communications, information systems planning, coordination and support to the AAMDC as well as joint, multinational and external organizations as required.

1-13. The Headquarters Battery (Battery HQ Section) provides the full range of personnel management and administrative support for the battery. It provides the administrative link when requesting replacements, reporting casualties, and conducting personnel actions.

1-14. The Motor Maintenance Section provides maintenance support and expertise on all assigned equipment and ensures required services are performed. It requests repair and replacement items and monitors the automated inventory management system for status and availability of projected repair parts.

1-15. The Headquarters Commandant Section exercises operational control over soldiers assigned to the headquarters. It provides for headquarters security, food service, quartering, medical support, field-sanitation, and supply for headquarters personnel. It also arranges for the reception and integration of augmentees to support the AAMDC mission.

1-16. The Inspector General (IG) Section advises the commander on the overall welfare and state of discipline of the command. It integrates the commander's organizational inspection program, conducts inspections and investigations, and assists the commander in determining the state of the discipline, efficiency, morale, training, and readiness within the command.

1-17. The Public Affairs Section plans and supervises the command's public affairs program. It advises and informs the commander of the public affairs impacts and implications of planned or implemented operations. It serves as the command's spokesman for all communication with the external media, monitors media and public opinion, and evaluates the effectiveness of public affairs plans and operations.

1-18. The Staff Judge Advocate Section provides legal advice to the commander on military, domestic, and foreign laws as well as those relating to armed conflict. It also provides legal services for the command, supervises the administration of military justice, and ensures that the rights of individuals are protected and the interests of justice are served.

1-19. Theater air and missile defense operations encompass all activities focused on the identification, integration, and employment of forces supported by theater and national capabilities to detect, identify, classify, locate, track, discriminate, minimize the effects of and destroy air and theater missile threats (to include large-caliber rockets). The preferred method to counter the air and theater missile threat is to destroy or disrupt operations prior to launch. The next most desired option is to intercept and destroy the threat in flight. TAMD must also apply measures to reduce vulnerability and minimize damage in the event attack operations and active defense measures are ineffective.

1-20. The AAMDC commander is responsible for planning, coordinating, and integrating TAMD operations for the ARFOR commander or, if designated, the JFLCC, and ensuring these operations are properly executed. He accomplishes these functions through the following activities:

• Commands EAC ADA forces and oversees operational level planning to support brigade operations, ensuring that the brigades are postured to protect theater forces and assets. He also facilitates the force projection of the brigades and resolves brigade support issues.
• Serves as the theater Army air and missile defense coordinator (TAAMDCOORD) and acts as a special staff officer to the ARFOR/JFLCC commander. The TAAMDCOORD ensures Army TAMD is integrated with counterair operations at the theater level.
• Supports the JFACC, area air defense commander (AADC), and airspace control authority (ACA) by serving as a deputy area air defense commander (DAADC) and ensuring that the Army's contribution to the joint TAMD fight is planned, coordinated, and synchronized with the JFACC/AADC/ACA concept of operations.
• Shares, through his G2 and attack operations elements, IPB information with the DOCC.
• Provides TAMD target nominations to the DOCC for immediate targeting, time-sensitive targets, and the ATO process.
• Exercises either operational control or tactical control (or as determined by the JFC) of assigned multinational forces.
• Coordinates with the corps ADA brigades to ensure that their respective operations are integrated and synchronized with the theater air defense plan.
• Disseminates, through his passive defense element, early warning to affected ARFOR units and, when requested, to joint and multinational units or the populace in the ARFOR area of operations.
• Deploys liaison officers (LNOs) to critical theater and ARFOR C² nodes. The LNOs provide the essential coordination needed to prosecute the TAMD fight efficiently. They keep TAMD commanders and staffs apprised of the status of TAMD operations and recommend appropriate courses of action relative to air and missile events. They also serve as subject matter experts on the capabilities of the AAMDC and its subordinate ADA forces.

1-21. An AAMDC can operate throughout the full range of military operations. During peacetime the AAMDCs are based in the continental United States (CONUS) and are organized for rapid deployment during force projection operations to plan and conduct theater air and missile defense for the ARFOR commander. During contingency missions the AAMDC will plan, recommend, and task organize force requirements based on mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops, time available, and civil considerations (METT-TC). The force requirements may be resourced from both active and reserve components.

1-22. The AAMDC must train to meet air and missile defense operational requirements. This training includes developing and practicing tactics, techniques, and procedures with joint and multinational forces. The AAMDC provides unity of command and commonality of purpose for all EAC ADA brigades by establishing the EAC ADA brigade training guidance and enforcing applicable standards. The AAMDC also coordinates with other services and multinational forces on TAMD matters.

1-23. The AAMDC plans, coordinates, integrates, and synchronizes Army theater air and missile defense operations by horizontally and vertically receiving, analyzing, integrating, and disseminating TAMD information. The AAMDC integrates the four operational elements of Army TAMD (passive defense, active defense, attack operations, and C⁴I) to protect contingency, forward-deployed, and reinforcing forces as well as designated assets from the joint force commander's (JFC) defended asset list (DAL). The AAMDC executes its mission using an integrated system of hardware and software located in the TOC. This system, known as the air and missile defense planning and control system (AMDPCS), includes the computers, communications, and other equipment necessary to plan, coordinate, and monitor the execution of TAMD for the ARFOR or, if designated, the JFLCC. Also, dedicated liaison teams deploy to selected major theater and ARFOR/JFLCC elements to assist in execution of the mission.

1-24. The commanding general (CG) of the AAMDC performs three critical roles during TAMD operations. The CG commands the AAMDC and its subordinate EAC ADA brigades, performs the functions of the TAAMDCOORD for the ARFOR commander (or JFLCC), and performs the functions of the DAADC for the AADC. The AAMDC normally collocates with the ARFOR/JFLCC headquarters, but dependent on METT-TC, may collocate with the joint air operations center (JAOC). The location of the commander and his role is also dependent on METT-TC.

1-25. Support operations ensure that adequate resources are available to support the AAMDC mission throughout all operational phases. Support includes sustainment, prioritization, and reconstitution.

1-26. AAMDC sustainment operations involve both planning and oversight activities that are performed primarily by the G1 and G4 staffs. These activities focus on how, when, and where to accomplish the sustainment functions of manning, arming, fueling, fixing, moving, and sustaining soldiers and their systems:

• Manning ensures the AAMDC and its subordinate units are staffed with the right number and types of personnel to perform the mission.
• Arming ensures the right mix and quantity of AMD missiles (Patriot, Theater High Altitude Area Defense [THAAD], etc.) are available at the time and place needed.
• Fueling ensures sufficient quantities of petroleum, oils and lubricants (POL) are available to support current and planned AMD operations.
• Fixing ensures critical AMD materiel and equipment are operational and failed systems are quickly restored to operational status.
• Moving ensures adequate transportation resources (vehicles, control procedures, plans) are available to support operations. With AMD units normally dispersed at great distances throughout the depth of the area of operations, "moving" missiles (cross-leveling) and delivering repair parts become critical sustainment functions.
• Sustaining soldiers ensures personnel services, health services, field services, quality of life, and general supply support are adequate.

1-27. The AAMDC commander may establish support priorities by phase of the operation or change priorities during operations to ensure that combat support (CS) or combat service support (CSS) are provided in accordance with their relative importance to accomplishing the mission. Changes by phase to the DAL or reprioritization of critical assets on the DAL will normally affect support priorities and require continual assessment by the staff. The G1 and G4 staffs will ensure these priorities are implemented in accordance with the commander's intent.

1-28. Reconstitution operations are conducted to restore the AAMDC and/or its supporting forces to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. They are implemented when combat effectiveness has been degraded as a result of enemy activity or other battlefield environmental factors. Because of the limited AMD assets available for the critical force protection mission, the AAMDC will normally provide guidance and direction to theater-wide AMD reconstitution efforts to ensure forces are available to provide active defense of priority assets on the JFC's DAL. Reconstitution operations include regeneration and reorganization. Regeneration involves rebuilding the unit through large-scale replacement of personnel, equipment, and supplies, including the reestablishment or replacement of essential C² personnel and equipment and the conduct of mission-essential training. Reorganization involves the shifting of internal resources within the unit to increase its level of combat effectiveness. The AAMDC will assist the EAC ADA brigades in regeneration and reorganization decisions and provide support and assistance in executing either mission. Given the severely limited amount of AMD-specific equipment worldwide, the likelihood of complete regeneration of units is small. Most reconstitution operations will be a combination of regeneration and reorganization.

1-29. The AAMDC must establish and maintain communications at the theater level with the ARFOR, joint forces, and multinational elements. It must also establish and maintain a robust internal communications system. These communication linkages are required to support a variety of critical activities including:

• Command and control
• Operational and tactical planning
• Liaison (coordination)
• Alerting/early warning
• Intelligence
• Situational awareness/surveillance
• Administration and logistics

1-30. The AAMDC C⁴I system for TAMD must be sufficiently interoperable to respond to the needs of the ARFOR, joint, and multinational commands and also link passive air defense, active air defense, and attack operations elements in order to plan, coordinate, and integrate forces to accomplish the TAMD mission. C⁴I resources detect, identify, and track threats to warn and cue defensive assets as well as provide accurate launch and impact points. These resources should be capable of rapidly exchanging information, interfacing with components, displaying a common operational picture, and allowing distributive/collaborative planning. The information flow should support the chain of command and be as complete, secure, and as near real time as possible.

1-31. New C⁴I functions, equipment, and procedures may be required to accommodate the changing characteristics and signatures associated with the rapidly evolving air and missile threat. These C⁴I capabilities and procedures should be integrated with existing and planned C⁴I systems as requirements are developed. At a minimum, capabilities should match the following joint theater air and missile defense (JTAMD) requirements:

• Passive defense measures require providing threat identification and discrimination (conventional or nuclear, biological, and chemical), detecting launches, predicting the impact points, providing timely warning to units at risk, alerting chemical and medical units and civil defense forces, and reducing target effectiveness.
• Active defense requires early detection of airborne launch platforms and missiles in flight to permit cueing, acquisition, tracking, classification, discrimination, identification and destruction in flight.
• Attack operations require accurate location of launch platforms and support systems, timely transmission of targeting data to attack systems, and accurate combat assessment.

1-32. Intelligence plays a critical role in planning, deploying, employing, and sustaining TAMD operations. The effectiveness of TAMD operations requires the timely collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of reliable and accurate intelligence on enemy capabilities and activities. The intelligence system is vital to the decision making cycle and must support the status, assessment, planning, warning, and IPB functions as well as target prioritization recommendations. The AAMDC intelligence system must accommodate a variety of component, joint, and multinational systems.

1-33. The AAMDC C⁴I infrastructure needs interoperable systems that facilitate the conduct of TAMD operations against a diverse threat array. These systems should be connected to commanders at appropriate decision and execution levels to integrate forces and missions. The systems expedite C² functions through rapid, reliable, flexible, and secure exchange of information throughout the chain of command and across the joint warfighting community. The C⁴I architecture provides the timely intelligence and operational information needed to plan, employ, coordinate, integrate, execute, and sustain AAMDC participation in joint air and missile defense operations.