Space

□□the Beijing standard time on December 30, 2002 00:40, China independently develops the god boat - 4 unmanned space craft lifts off and the success in the Gansu Jiuquan satellite launch center launch enters prearranges the track. The god boat - 4 airships success launches, symbolized the Chinese man-in-space flight enterprise has made the new progress. Now, for the first time carries person's god boat - 5 airships 蓄势待发, it new is magnificent the casting China astronautics.
14 airships backgammon
Until now, China has succeeded has launched 4 the Shenzhou experiment airship, they are primarily develop by the China spatial technology research institute.
When god boat - 1 launch has used "for the first time 三垂 the" new pattern, namely has completed the vertical general equipment department and the test in the workshop which to the airship, the rocket unified body carries on, then vertical transports its whole to the launch site, finally has carried on the vertical testing and the launch. China newly built has conformed to international standard system Lu Haiji in the original space instrumentation and command network foundation the space instrumentation and command network, and puts into the use for the first time in this secondary emission experiment. Airship in axle movement period, the ground observation and control system and the deployment has carried on the track and the observation and control to the international waters 4 Yuan Wang Hao surveying ship to it, and the success has carried on a series of science experiment.
- 1 experiments the airship with the god boat to compare, the god boat - 2 airships system structures had the new expansion, the technical performance also had the new enhancement, its technical condition basic was consistent with the manned vehicle. Has carried on spatial domain the for the first time and so on under astronomy and spatial physics and micro gravity environment spatial life science, spatial material on the god boat - 2 airships experiment, including: Semiconductor photoelectron material, oxide compound crystal and alloy and so on many kinds of materials crystal growth experiment; Protein and other living thing macro-molecules crystal growth experiments; The plant, the animal, the aquatic biology, the microorganism and leave the somatic cell and cellulary tissue's spatial environment effect experiment and so on. Airship in axle movement period, each kind of experiment instrumentation equipment performance stable, the work was normal, has obtained the massive precious flight test data.
The god boat - 3 airships technologies condition with carries the person condition to be completely consistent. This secondary emission experiment has further consummated the launch vehicle, the airship and the observation and control launching system, and enhanced the man-in-space flight security and the reliability. This airship installed 1 to have the human body metabolism analog calculator for the first time, 拟人 the physiology signal device simulation person, it could the quota simulate astronaut's in outer space important physiological activity parameter - - pulse, the palpitation, the breath and the diet and so on, and received the ground control center as necessary the monitoring.
Compares with the 2nd performance flight, the god boat - 3 airships also increased escaped with the emergency survival function. In airship due-out and ascent portion, once appears endangers the astronaut life the situation, may send out the instruction to load astronaut's cabin body and the rocket separates, lets the astronaut be able to escape. Escapes the function realization, may send out the command control through the ground, also can voluntarily implement by the airship.
On 2 new airships a yet higher goal
The god boat - 4 is the most perfect airship which the present China launches. Its performance flight is inspects a most comprehensive performance flight under nobody condition, it including airship and rocket system, observation and control system, astronaut system, land sea emergency survival system, host landing and spare landing field and so on.
This airship fully is inheriting the first 3 unmanned space craft mature technology in the foundation, increased the manual control and independent emergency returns to and so on in the axle many functions, in order to further inspects the airship system the operating performance, the reliability and the security, gains astronaut's on ship living conditions and the data which safely is connected with the astronaut.
In fact, before this succeeds the launch god boat - 2, 3 airships has had has carried the person condition. In these two performance flight, with carried the person related function and the performance has all undergone the true launch, the outer space environment and the recycling test, and the proof reaches the sign. But the god boat - 4 has made some improvements and the enhancement, specially enhanced the security. In order to guarantee astronaut's safety, altogether has designed 8 kind of lifesaving patterns, after guarantees the airship launch the different stage if appears the accident all to be able to guarantee the astronaut safely returns to the ground.
In addition, the god boat - 4 has also carried on the chemical examination inspection to all materials, in satisfies the medicine target in the foundation, further has carried on the optimization from the work efficiency study angle to the airship interior facility, causes it to conform to person's life, the work custom. For example, has adjusted the measuring appliance color, the size, and considered each kind of instrument, the switch under null-gravity state operating feature, increased the essential event voice prompt and the important operation event time prompt.
The god boat - 4 is at present only repairs "after" the airship. The scientific researcher according to carries the person to request, to in the airship electric cable, the pipeline and so on has carried on the protection, and when choice color takes great pains. Moreover, the god boat - 4 all portholes glass all changed into one kind of new material, after guaranteed completes the range to return to the atmospheric reentry the porthole diaphanous performance to be good, after enable the astronaut to land can reliably judge the landing terrain, decided whether takes off 主伞.
The astronaut system and the airship environment control and the life safeguard subsystem also participated in the experiment, to further confirms the airship 内载 person environment parameter and the environment control and the life safeguard subsystem flying status. Before the god boat - 4 ascends the sky, the training center preparation astronaut entered the airship to carry on the actual experience. In order to examine the airship to extend moderately, the technical personnel imitates the astronaut to put on the astronaut's space suit, how repeatedly trains passes in and out, how under airtight, the narrow and small environment lives, how operates each kind of instrument as well as processes each kind of emergency case and so on.
Moreover, in the god boat - 4 airships has placed the simulation person which two puts on the astronaut's space suit. The embarkation simulates the person to be for the purpose of the environment control and the life-support system carries on the comprehensive inspection to the airship in, in order to obtains the mass datas carry on the analysis, further confirms the ship 内载 person's security and the reliability, carries the person for the Chinese soon true implementation to fly lays the foundation. Simulates the person this kind of lifeless load substitution animal, simulates, examines the airship to carry the person condition in the airship, this is the Chinese scientist's in world origination.
The god boat - 4 airships carry 52 scientific research equipment, and keeps axle flight period in the outer space independent flight carried on the microwave remote sensing to survey, the spatial environment synthesis monitor, the micro gravity fluid physics experiment and the biological technology research to the place tests 4 scientific research. In these 52 scientific research equipment, and so on 19 scientific research equipment already has participated in the before this performance flight besides the atmospheric constituent detector, other spatial cell electricity fusion meters and so on 33 scientific research equipment all were ascend the sky for the first time. For example, uses in to the ground and the sea physical condition carries on the data acquisition and the analysis digital remote sensing cryoscope.
In addition, carried in the god boat - 4 airships has arranged 10 years two item of cytomixes experiment. A pair of zooblast is the B lymphocyte and the myeloma cell; Another pair is the vegetable cell - - Chrysanthemum tobacco protoplast and the innovation - 1 tobacco protoplast. According to experts, under the micro gravity condition, the cell will vanish in fusion fluid gravitational settling phenomenon, this will be more advantageous to intercellular space pairing with the fusion. This research has also explored the new method for the spatial drugs manufacture.
The god boat - 4 airships similarity also include with the first 3 airships: In order to should to because reason airship and so on the meteorology cannot return to Inner Mongolia middle the host landing field situation occurrence, enhances the success ratio which returns, the god boat - 4 airships have return to the Jiuquan vice- landing field the ability. If the airship emergency returns, using the ship on world map, may choose the landing zone, at that time various landing zones returned to the starting time and the procedure have all had. According to officially carries the request which the person flies, this experimental flight has also set up certain on land and the marine emergency survival area, had deployed the marine emergency life boat and several dozens airplanes, rescued the personnel to arrive and to carry on related have trained.
3 gods boats - 4 successes return
The Beijing standard time on January 5, 2003 19:16, the god boat - 4 airships after complete prearrange the space science and the engineering research duty, in Inner Mongolia middle area accurate landing. To this, the Chinese man-in-space flight project 4th performance flight obtains the complete success.
The god boat - 4 airships according to prearranged the plan to fly for 6 days 018 hours in the outer space, surrounded the Earth 108. Airship in axle movement period, the Beijing astronautics command and control center unification dispatch distributes on the three principal oceans 4 Yuan Wang Hao astronautics surveying ship and each related ground control station, according to observation and control plan which prearranges, carried on to the airship has continued to track, the survey and the control, has sent out a series of remote control command and the control data to the airship, thus guaranteed the airship successfully to implement the solar energy windsurfboard in the outer space to launch, the track is mobile, the posture firmly grades several hundred movements, and has carried on two tracks maintenances.
Airship in axle flight period, each kind of experiment instrumentation equipment performance stable, the work was normal, has obtained the massive precious flight test data and the scientific material, completely completed has prearranged the experimental duty.
After the god boat - 4 airships returned to the cabin to ship back Beijing have carried on the technical analysis and the scientific research by the scientific researcher to the airship and the experimental project. The airship 轨道舱 continues in the axle to move and to carry on the related space science and the maintenance test.
Up to April 15, 2003, this 轨道舱 in the outer space normal operation 100 days, has surrounded the Earth to fly 1,700 circles, smoothly has developed the space environmental monitoring, to the place remote sensing observation and the infrared detection and so on a series of space science experiment, gained large quantities of valuable scientific data. Enters the outer space for the first time many 模态 microwave remote sensing, 模态 surveyed the precipitation, the water vapor content, the snow, the soil moisture and the sea-level temperature using the radiation; Using highly 模态 surveyed the sea level highly, the significant wave height and the ocean circulation; 模态 surveyed the sea level wind speed and the wind direction using the scattering and so on the related information. At present, the technical personnel is carrying on analysis processing to these data. The Beijing astronautics command and control center in to the god boat - 4 airships 轨道舱 long-term management in, has successively carried on two tracks maintenances and flies the pattern to transform many times, the accumulation pours into data 300, sends out remote control command 1,000, completely has completed each load experiment which prearranges under the different flight control pattern, has grasped airship 轨道舱 long-term management a series of essential technologies.
In this flight, the man-in-space flight application system, the astronaut system, the airship environment control and the life safeguard subsystem comprehensively participated in the experiment, successively carried on in the outer space observed, research project and so on materials science, life science experiment and spatial astronomy and spatial environment survey to the place. Moreover, prepared the astronaut also to enter the airship before the launch to carry on the actual experience. Airship in axle flight period, on ship each kind of instrumentation equipment performance stable, the work was normal, has obtained the massive precious flight test data and the scientific material.
4 guarantees carries the person safe flight
At present, China already basically completed the high security, the high reliable man-in-space flight development experiment system, the god boat - 5 airships each preparatory work progress has been smooth, the airship has completed the general equipment department, has always tested, its embarkation scientific research equipment all through the approval, has also arranged clothes embarks arrives the launching base. China's man-in-space flight vainly hoped for soon realizes.
The realization carries the person to fly, guarantees the astronaut safety is a key. In view of astronaut's security problem, the god boat - 5 chief designers relative commence a venture academician to say that, China has the confidence to guarantee astronaut's safety. He said that, "we when designs the airship have a principle, is the airship each system all must achieve a ' breakdown, normal flight; Two breakdowns, the security returns to '. In other words, when a system first time appears the breakdown, must achieve the airship to be able the normal operation, when appears the second breakdown, can guarantee the astronaut safely returns. "
The god boat - 5 airships earnestly derive the first 4 airships the development experience, has entered a step in many essential technical aspects, causes its security, the reliability to be higher. For instance, 轨道舱 and returns to cabin 连接处 to need many bolts to reinforce, but works as 2 cabins when outer space separation, the bolt needs "to deregulate" immediately, also is "Lian Yaolian reliably, breaks must break" simply, this is between the section chain-like technology. Through the first several heavens test, this technology - on 5 will obtain the sublimation in the god boat. In addition, how does the airship carry on the airborne posture adjustment, how passed through the dense atmosphere strata time to reduce the ablation, how uses technical link and so on air function safe landing, these formerly experienced in the summary in the foundation all obtained the consummation.
5 Chinese man-in-space flight "three step walks" the strategy
Chinese man-in-space flight will implement "three step will walk" the developmental strategy. China launches 4 nobody in the success to experiment the airship in the foundation, soon realizes the manned vehicle historical breakthrough, however this only is first step. Second step is besides continues to carry on with the manned vehicle to the place observation and the spatial experiment, must complete the cabin activity, the spatial junction with emphasis can dock experiments and launches the spacelab which the long-term independent flight, some people looks after, completes the Chinese integrity necessary space project big system as soon as possible, solves the Chinese certain scale spatial application problem. Third step makes the space station which bigger some people looks after for a long time. The space station in other words, which the Chinese man-in-space flight project "three step walks" the strategy is realizes man-in-space flight, the solution space junction can dock the technology and to outer space launch short-term some people the spacelab and construction some people which looks after looks after for a long time.
Therefore, future several year China will break through take the airship junction can dock, the spacelab, the satellite network and the lunar survey and so on as representative's astronautics essential technology. Essential technical breakthrough, not only is realization man-in-space flight, but also from now on will carry on the deep space survey as well as peace for China prepares using the outer space.

[ Information origin: Pang is vast ]