Space

The relative commences a venture Li Da Yao Li Yili
(China spatial technology research institute) (Beijing space mechanical and electrical research institute)

1 foreword
After □□China is continues the Soviet/Russia and US in the world the 3rd independent development man-in-space flight technology country.
1,967 ~ in 1968, China started to study the manned vehicle technology, and has carried on one kind of manned vehicle overall plan proof. This airship plan although will yield many advanced research result during 78 years in the later, but because the condition was not finally mature at that time and the country decided urgently needed astronautics area of technology concentration of efforts development, the practical application satellite comes up is abolished.
In 1986, China has formulated the track world high-tech front "High-tech Research Development Outline" (namely "863" plan). According to "863" the plan arrangement, the Chinese astronautics technology revolved the performance advanced large-scale launch vehicle world round-trip system, to carry the person space station and its to apply these two big subjects to conduct the thorough research, and has discussed the question which the Chinese man-in-space flight technology started from where, how develops. Regarding this question, at first once some two different opinions.
The 1st opinion believed that, embarks from the overseas man-in-space flight practice with China's national condition, China should to the manned vehicle start breaks through the man-in-space flight technology.
The 2nd opinion believed that, the overseas astronautics was raising at that time does the aerospace craft, the spatial day airplane upsurge, for reduced as soon as possible with the international advanced level disparity, China should develop the small aerospace craft.
After several years deliberating, the Chinese astronautics technology understanding gradually unifies both conforms to the science law of development, and can profit from the overseas development man-in-space flight technology the success experience, also the 1st way which adapts with China's national strength and the technical economic base comes up. At the same time, in this stage, China has conducted the thorough concept research to the multipurpose manned vehicle.
In 1992, the central special board approval airship man-in-space flight project included the national plan to carry on the development. This project afterwards chooses a name as the the Shenzhou airship man-in-space flight project.
The the Shenzhou airship man-in-space flight project by the Shenzhou (code number SZ) the manned vehicle system, the Long March - 2F booster system, the Jiuquan satellite launch center airship launch site system, the airship observation and control and the communications system, the astronaut system, the scientific research and the engineering research system and so on is composed, is China is hugest in 20th century last stages to the 21st century initial period scale, the technical most complex astronautics project. According to the plan, this project must first carry on certain nobody condition the performance flight, after the success carries on the man-in-space flight flight again.
In November, 1999, the the Shenzhou airship man-in-space flight project completely completed has not carried person's performance flight for the first time. This achievement indicated that, the the Shenzhou manned vehicle development work has obtained the gradual significant breakthrough for the first time. "God boat four" the airship is the our country success launch 4th airship.

2 the Shenzhou manned vehicle and overseas manned vehicle comparison
In 20th century, the world only had the Soviet/Russia and US develops successfully and the multilaunching manned vehicle.
The Soviet/Russia and US develop, launches the manned vehicle the goal, first is uses for to experiment man-in-space flight 3 basic technologies and the development space medicine, the physiology aspect experimental study as well as carries on moon landing activity, afterwards mainly used in for to carry the person spacelab and the space station ships the astronaut. Using the airship experiment man-in-space flight 3 basic technologies are: (1) Carries the person to enter the axle technology, soon rides the airship the astronaut safely sends in the outer space track the technology; (2) Carries the person in the axle technology, including the astronaut in the airship the life and the work technology, the airship with another spacecraft in the axle junction can with the docking technology, the astronaut leave the cabin the technology which moves to the outer space in; (3) Carries the person to return to the technology, causes the astronaut safely returns to the ground while the airship by the trajectory way or the trajectory - lifting force way the technology.
The Soviet/Russia and the USA Kuomintang and Communist Parties develop successfully 9 kind of manned vehicles, among, the Soviet/Russia develops the successful manned vehicle for Vostok (1st generation), on 升号 (2nd generation) and the alliance number, alliance - T, TM, TMA (3rd generation); US develops the successful manned vehicle for the water asterisk (1st generation), the Gemini number (2nd generation), the Apollo number (3rd generation) and "the skylab" which changes the system by it becomes the space station. In these 9 kind of manned vehicles, for lands the moon outside the manned vehicle except the Apollo number airship, other several kind of airships for satellite type manned vehicle. Nowadays uses manned vehicle for alliance - TM, TMA. Concerns these manned vehicles the basic situation to see Table 1.
Table 1 world manned vehicle simple list

China's the Shenzhou manned vehicle is one kind of satellite type manned vehicle, uses 3 cabins 1 section (namely 轨道舱, returns to cabin, advancement cabin and attachment section) the configuration, may circle the single axle rotation 2 pair of solar cells wing, the trajectory - lifting force type 再入, after completes the primary mission to be possible 轨道舱 to remain on the track several months to continue to carry on the space science survey and the engineering research. Its design proposal surpasses the overseas 3rd generation of manned vehicle in certain aspects. The the Shenzhou manned vehicle not only can cause China to become in the world 3rd to grasp the man-in-space flight technology the country, moreover can cause Chinese the manned vehicle technology to achieve or to surpass the Soviet Russian 3rd generation of manned vehicle the level.

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