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GLOSSARY

PART I-ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

PART II - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Aerosol. A liquid or solid composed of finely divided particles suspended in a gaseous medium. Examples of common aerosols are mist, fog, and smoke. (JP 1-02)

Agent. See biological or chemical agent.

Antiterrorism. Defense measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited response and containment by local military forces. Also called AT. (JP 1-02)

Area of operations. An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and navel forces. Areas of operation do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 1-02)

Avoidance. Individual and/or unit measures taken to avoid or minimize nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) attacks and reduce the effects of NBC hazards. (JP 1-02)

Biological agent. A microorganism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of material. (JP 1-02)

Chemical agent. Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations. (JP 1-02)

Chemical warfare. All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations. Since riot control agents and herbicides are not considered to be chemical warfare agents, those two items will be referred to separately or under the broader term "chemical," which will be used to include all types of chemical munitions/agents collectively. Also called CW. (JP 1-02)

Civil-military operations center. An ad hoc organization, normally established by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate joint force commander, to assist in the coordination of activities of engaged military forces, and other United States Government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and regional and international organizations. There is no established structure, and its size and composition are situation dependent. (JP 1-02)

Collective nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. Protection provided to a group of individuals in a nuclear, biological, and chemical environment, which permits relaxation of individual nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. (JP 1-02)

Collective protection. See collective nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. (JP 1-02)

Combatant command. A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional responsibilities. (JP 1-02)

Combatant commander. A commander in chief of one of the unified or specified combatant commands established by the President. (JP 1-02)

Command and control. The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1-02)

Consequence management. 1. Refers to measures taken to protect public health and safety, restore essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by the consequences of terrorism (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] definition). 2. Those planning actions and preparations taken to identify, organize, equip, and train emergency response forces and to develop and execute plans implemented in response to an accident; and, the actions following an accident to mitigate and recover from the effects of an accident. (DODD 3150.8). 3. Comprises those essential services and activities required to manage and mitigate problems resulting from disasters and catastrophes. Such services and activities may include transportation, communications, public works and engineering, fire fighting, information planning, mass care, resources support, health and medical services, urban search and rescue, hazardous materials, food, and energy. (DODD 3025.15; JP 3.07.6).

Contamination. 1. The deposit and/or absorption of radioactive material or biological or chemical agents on and by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria, or organisms. 3. The by-product of the growth of bacteria or organisms in decomposing material (including food substances) or waste in food or water. (JP 1-02)

Contamination control. Procedures instituted to limit the spread of contamination from the site of original deposition; includes control of decontamination solutions used during the decontamination process. (JP 1-02)

Contamination avoidance. Individual and/or unit measures taken to avoid or minimize NBC attacks and reduce the effects of NBC hazards. (JP 3-11)

Crisis management. Refers to measures to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or act of terrorism. The Federal Government exercises primary authority to prevent preempt, and terminate threats or acts of terrorism and to apprehend and prosecute the perpetrators; state and local governments provide assistance as required. Crisis management is primarily a law enforcement function (Federal Response Plan, April 1999).

Decontamination. The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 1-02)

Detection. In nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) environments, the act of locating NBC hazards by use of NBC detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 1-02)

Essential elements of information. The critical items of information regarding the enemy and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a logical decision. Also called EEI. (JP 1-02)

Evacuation. 1. The process of moving any person who is wounded, injured, or ill to and/or between medical treatment facilities. 2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materiel from a given locality. 3. The controlled process of collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, United States and foreign, to appropriate reclamation, maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal facilities. (JP 1-02)

Federal Bureau of Investigation. The federal department responsible for planning, directing and coordinating federal crisis management assistance to Federal, State, and local authorities during a Chemical/Biological (CB) terrorist incident. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Federal Emergency Management Agency. The federal department responsible for planning, directing, and coordinating federal consequence management assistance to Federal, State, and local authorities during a CB terrorist incident. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Host-nation support. Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its territory during peacetime, crisis or emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 1-02)

Hot zone. Area immediately surrounding a dangerous goods incident, which extends far enough to prevent adverse effects from released dangerous goods to personnel outside the zone. The zone is also referred to as exclusion zone, red zone or restricted zone in other documents. (EPA Standard Operating Safety Guidelines, OSHA 29CFR 1910.120, NFPA 472.)

Individual protection. Actions taken by individuals to survive and continue the mission under nuclear, biological, and chemical conditions. (JP 1-02)

Individual protective equipment. In nuclear, biological and chemical warfare, the personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from biological and chemical hazards and some nuclear effects. (JP 1-02)

Industrial chemicals. Chemicals developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia. These chemicals are not primarily manufactured for the specific purpose of producing human casualties or rendering equipment, facilities, or areas dangerous for human use. Hydrogen cyanide, cyanogens chloride, phosgene, and chloropicrin are industrial chemicals that also can be military chemical agents. (JP 1-02)

Joint Force Commander. General term applied to a combatant commander, sub-unified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. (JP 1-02)

Lead Federal Agency. Agency named in various Federal emergency operations plan (National Contingency Plan, Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan, Federal Response Plan, etc.) with primary responsibility to coordinate the Federal response. The type of emergency determines the LFA. In general, an LFA establishes operational structures and procedures to assemble and work with agencies providing direct support to the LFA in order to obtain an initial assessment of the situation, develop an action plan, and monitor and update operational priorities. The LFA ensures that each agency exercises its concurrent and distinct authorities and supports the LFA in carrying out relevant policy. Specific responsibilities of an LFA vary according to the agency's unique statutory authorities. If the incident also involves concurrent implementation of the FRP, the LFA and FEMA coordinate to the maximum extent practical to ensure effective, unified Federal actions, consistent with their distinct authorities and responsibilities. Direct FEMA support to an LFA is limited to FEMA's own authorities, resources, and expertise as an individual agency. In a response to an emergency involving a radiological hazard, the LFA under the FRERP is responsible for Federal oversight of activities on site and Federal assistance to conduct radiological monitoring and assessment and develop protective action recommendations. When a radiological emergency warrants action under the Stafford Act, FEMA uses the FRP to coordinate the non-radiological response to consequences off site in support of the affected State and local governments. If the FRERP and FRP are implemented concurrently, the Federal On-Scene Commander under the FRERP coordinates the FRERP response with the FCO, who is responsible for coordination of all Federal support to State and local governments. (Operational interfaces between the FRP and other Federal emergency plans are covered in more detail in the pertinent ESF and incident annexes.) For WMD and Terrorism incidents, the LFAs for Crisis and Consequence Management, respectively. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Logistics. The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal with: a. design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel; b. Movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; c. acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; d. Acquisition or furnishing of services. (JP 1-02)

Mission-oriented protective posture. A flexible system of protection against nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination. This posture requires personnel to wear only that protective clothing and equipment (mission-oriented protective posture gear) appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. (JP 1-02)

Mission-oriented protective posture gear. Military term for individual protective equipment including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and decontamination kits issued to soldiers. Also called MOPP gear. (JP 1-02)

National Response Center. The NRC is the 24-hour NRT communications center located at Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC. The NRC receives telephone reports of accident-incidents, WMD, TIM hazards and is capable of notifying or requesting assistance from all Federal agencies. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

National Response Team. The NRT is composed of 14 Federal agencies charged with the responsibility for providing oversight of the nation's ability to respond to accident-incidents. The NRT is responsible for national level planning, preparedness, and response actions. The NRT does not respond directly to a CAI but is available to provide for additional resources if requested. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Nongovernmental organizations. Transnational organizations of private citizens that maintain a consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Nongovernmental organizations may be professional association, foundations, multinational businesses, or simply groups with a common interest in humanitarian assistance activities (development and relief). "Nongovernmental organizations" is a term normally used by non-United States organizations. (JP 1-02)

Nuclear, biological, and chemical conditions. See nuclear, biological, and chemical environment.

Nuclear, biological, and chemical environment. Environments in which there is deliberate or accidental employment, or threat of employment, of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons; deliberate or accidental attacks or contamination with toxic industrial materials, including toxic industrial chemicals; or deliberate or accidental attacks or contamination with radiological (radioactive) materials. (JP 1-02)

On-Scene Commander. The military officer or senior official who commands forces and supervises all operations at the scene of accidents or significant incidents. Directs actions at an accident-incident/disaster site to mitigate damage, save lives, restore primary mission asserts, and assist civil authorities, normally the installation support group commander. (JP 1-02)

On-Scene Coordinator. The federal official pre-designated to coordinate and direct federal response. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Operational Control. Transferable command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command. Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command authority). Operational control may be delegated and is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and service and/or functional component commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander in operational control considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Operational control does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training. Also called OPCON. (JP 1-02)

Private voluntary organizations. Private, nonprofit humanitarian assistance organization involved in development and relief activities. Private voluntary organizations are normally United States-based. "Private voluntary organization" is often used synonymously with the term "non-governmental organizations." Also called PVO. (JP 1-02)

Protection. Measures that are taken to keep NBC, WMD, TIM hazards from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, or critical assets and facilities. (JP 1-02)

Psychological operations. Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of the psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator's objectives. Also called PSYOP. (JP 1-02)

Reconnaissance. A mission undertaken to obtain information by visual observation, or other detection methods, about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or about the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. Reconnaissance differs from surveillance primarily in duration of the mission. (JP 1-02)

Response Task Force. There are two RTF headquarters, RTF-East, assigned to 1^st U.S. Army (FORSCOM), and RTF-West, assigned to 5^th U.S. Army (FORSCOM). They are distinct from their parent U.S. Army headquarters and exercise command and control of DOD assets (minus Special Operations Forces). The RTF is not a force provider, but rather receives OPCON of DOD forces and exercises command and control of these assets in support of the LFA as it responds to a WMD event. (FRP 9230.1-PL)

Rules of engagement. Directives issued by competent military authority which delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. (JP 1-02)

Security. 1. Measures taken by a military unit, an activity or installation to protect itself against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. 2. A condition that results form the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. 3. With respect to classified matter, it is the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests on national security. (JP 1-02)

Status-of-forces agreement. An agreement that defines the legal position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Agreements delineating the status of visiting military forces may be bilateral or multilateral. Provisions pertaining to the status of visiting forces may be set forth in a separate agreement, or they may form a part of a more comprehensive agreement. These provisions describe how the authorities of a visiting force may control members of that force and the amenability of the force or its members to the local law or to the authority of local officials. To the extent that agreements delineate matters affecting the relations between a military force and civilian authorities and population, they may be considered as civil affairs agreements. Also call SOFA. (JP 1-02)

Survey. Directed effort by individuals or teams to determine the location, area affected, and identification (if possible) of chemical agents and/or radiological material in a specific location. (JP 1-02)

Tactical control. Command authority over assigned or attached forces or command, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed and, usually, local direction and control of movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control. Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command. Also called TACON. (JP 1-02)

Terrorism. The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce; or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or ideological. (JP 1-02)

Toxic industrial chemicals. Any chemical hazard which is toxic and/or lethal and which is not designed specifically for military purposes, however, may be employed as a chemical warfare agent. (JP 3-11)

Warm zone. Area between the Hot and Cold zones where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place. It includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination. Also referred to as the contamination reduction corridor (CRC), contamination reduction zone (CRZ), yellow zone or limited access zone in other documents. (EPA Standard Operating Safety Guidelines, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120, NFPA 472).

Weapons of Mass Destruction. In arms control usage, weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. Can be nuclear, chemical, biological, and radiological weapons, but excludes the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part of the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 1-02). Title 18, USC. 2332a, defines a weapon of mass destruction as (1) any destructive device as defined in section 921 of this title, [which reads] any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb, grenade, rocket having propellant charge of more than four ounces, missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one-quarter ounce, mine or device similar to the above; (2) poison gas; (3) any weapon involving a disease organism; or (4) any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life."