References

261. Y.G. Milov and Y.V. Zonov, "Perspectives of Satellite Communication Development in Russia", Paper IAF-93-M.1.308, 44th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, 16-22 October 1993.
272. Vozdushnyy Transport, April 1992, p. 8.
273. Technical drawings issued by Elas NPO, 1992.
274. Y. Gornostayev, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 102-105.
Adapted from: Europe and Asia in Space 1993-1994, Nicholas Johnson and David Rodvold [Kaman Sciences / Air Force Phillips Laboratory]

Kuryer

The Elas Scientific Production Association is also a principal participant in the proposed Kuryer communications system of Convert spacecraft. The current network design calls for 8-12 of the 500-kg satellites to be deployed in 700 km orbits with 76 degree inclinations by the Start-1 launch vehicle. With a primary objective of supporting "e-mail" and other communications, the Kuryer system may operate at 430-470 MHz with helical antennas and later at L-band with phased array antennas. Optical satellite cross links have also been mentioned. The small spacecraft will be powered by two long, narrow solar arrays and will reject heat via a liquid radiator. The flight testing program was to begin in 1993 but was delayed until 1995 at the earliest (References 261, 272-274).

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Space

References

Kuryer