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Further Reading

• "The Development of a Common European Security and Defence Policy - The Integration Project of the Next Decade" Remarks by Dr. Javier Solana, High Representative of the EU for Common Foreign and Security Policy - Berlin, 17 December 1999 -- The European Union will have to become an intelligent customer of NATO. When NATO itself is not engaged, but the European Union launches a military operation, it should if necessary have recourse to NATO assets and capabilities.
• EUROPE: PLANS FOR 'ESDI,' EU ENLARGEMENT; CONCERNS ABOUT U.S. MISSILE DEFENSE Foreign Media Reaction -- 09 December 1999 -- U.S. efforts to convince its NATO counterparts of the merits of a missile defense system--another topic of discussion in Brussels--garnered some reaction, largely skeptical, from European capitals.
• AT HELSINKI SUMMIT, EU MAPS OUT STRATEGY FOR BIGGER, STRONGER EUROPE Foreign Media Reaction -- 14 December 1999 -- Last weekend's European Union summit in Helsinki sparked editorial comment from Europe and East Asia. Most European analysts hailed EU decisions to enlarge and strengthen the Union, noting particularly the conditional approval of Turkey's candidacy for membership and the Union's endorsement of a plan for an autonomous defense capability under the rubric of the European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI).
• "STRENGTHENING THE COMMON EUROPEAN POLICY ON SECURITY AND DEFENCE" AND ON "NON-MILITARY CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION" EUROPEAN UNION PRESIDENCY CONCLUSIONS HELSINKI EUROPEAN COUNCIL 10 AND 11 DECEMBER 1999
• E-U DEFENSE Voice of America 06 December 1999 -- European Union foreign ministers have approved plans for strengthening Europe's defense policy.
• E-U - DEFENSE Voice of America 15 November 1999 -- For the first time, European Union foreign ministers have met together with European Union defense ministers to discuss the possibilities for building an E-U defense force independent of NATO.