Abi:

irrigated land (see: oba)

Adal-badal:

barter; exchange (see: badal)

Ak:

rights

Aka:

uncle (= father's brother)

Ambar:

manure; fertilizer (see: s_ra)

Ambar-khana:

store; granary (=manure room)

Angur

grape

Anna:

grand-mother (see: niya)

Ashar:

collective labor, group work

Aziiz:

kin, descent group; clan (see also: zai, khek, kom)

aziiz-galwi:

kinship

Badal:

exchange; barter; reciprocity, vengeance; retaliation, revenge

Badar:

landowner

Bagh:

garden

Baha:

payment

khuni baha

(=murder payment)

Bahureï:

open-air well (tubewell)

Baïtak:

guesthouse

Balusan:

Baluch (people)

Band:

bar; dam; enbankment (see: lat)

Bandubast:

settlement (of land); distribution of land (see: vesh)

Baran:

rain

barani:

rainfed agriculture (called also 'khuskawa')

Barkar:

flock of young kids (for goats) (see: wula, for sheep)

Bataï:

division of shares (tenancy)

Bazgar:

tenant (see: dekan)

bazaar ak:

tenancy rights; usufructuary rights

Bazgari:

tenancy

Begaar:

forced labour (imposed by chief, council, etc.)

Begherat:

man/woman who has lost his/her honor (see: ghaïrat)

Beravi:

Brahui

Bogareï:

land given to a tenant by a landowner

Boena:

co-wife

Boeza:

goat

Chiné:

spring; stream

chiné oba:

water spring

Daba:

stagnant water

Darzi:

tailor

Dasht:

plain; valley

Dekan:

tenant (see: bazaar)

Dol:

drum

dol-zan:

musician (=drum beat)

Doobeï:

summer

Drakht bagh:

orchard (=tree garden)

Drakht:

tree, fruit tree

Duk:

anthrax

Dukan:

shop

Dukandar:

shop-keeper

Ekar:

acre

Faïda:

benefit; profit; advantage

Fakir:

beggar; mendicant

Farlang:

unit of measurement of distance (one farlang=200 m.)

Fasila:

distance

Fasli:

cultivation

do fasli:

rotation of two crops

Garam:

hot

garam

mosum: hot, warm weather

garam yilaka:

warm areas; winter quarters (for nomadic pastoralists)

Garma:

sweet melon (see: sarda, khatakai)

Gelaï:

small flock of sheep

Goneï:

sack (for agricultural products) (= 100 to 120 kg.)

Gwasha:

meat

Ghaïrat:

honor (see: nang; tura; izzat); charity

Ghaïratmand:

man of honor; honorable

Ghal:

thief; robber; bandit

Gham:

grief, sadness, mourning

Gh_nam:

wheat (see: mulki and sarkari varieties)

Gharib:

poor

gharibi:

poverty

Ghoba:

cow-herd

Gh_m:

funeral

Ghwa:

cow

Ghwayeï:

bullock

Haj:

pilgrimage to Mecca

Halak:

boy (from 7 to 15 years)

Hamsaya:

client; neighbour

Hawd:

reservoir; cistern

Hokumat:

state/government-owned land

Ijara:

rent (for land)

Indwana:

watermelon

Injileï:

girl (from 7 to 15 years)

Jakei:

hail

Jang:

war

Jawar:

sorghum

Jerga:

council; elder council

Jig:

tall

jiga drakhta:

palm (=tall tree)

Jow:

barley

Juwari:

maize

Kaar:

work; labour

mazduur kaar:

wage labour

Kaarindar:

worker

Kahkti:

scarcity; absence; lack; famine

Kaleï:

village (pl.: kili); neighborhoods

Kamat:

price

Kambala:

carpet (traditional)

Kandak:

flock (of sheep) (see: taway, flock of goats)

Kanun:

law; civil law

Karana:

karana mzakka:

cultivated land

Karez:

underground spring

karez viala:

karez channel

Karz:

debt

karzdar:

who is in debt

Kashida kari:

handicrafts (=crafts work)

Kat:

fertilizer

Ker:

enclosure, corral (for animals)

Keteï:

fields

Kili:

villages (pi. of kaleï)

Kishdeï:

tent; pastoral camp

kishdeï masher:

camp leader

kishdeï-nu wale yilaka:

camp territory

Kisht:

cultivation

Kishtgar:

tenant who provides seeds for cultivation

Kochean:

pastoralists (see: pawondean, musafir)

Kolal:

potter

Kom:

confederacy; cluster or related tribes

Koor:

house (separate cooking unit)

koor naï:

household members; domestic group

koor khalq:

household members

koor wale:

nuclear family

Korot:

cheese

Kozda:

betrothal

K_raya:

rent (for house)

Kret:

crate (for fruits and vegetables, between 12 and 20 kg.)

Kuchi:

butter

Kushneï:

small

kushneï sar:

small peak

kushneï injileï:

girl (below 7 years)

kushneï halak:

boy (below 7 years)

Kuweï:

well

Khalq:

people

Khan:

wealthy landowning person; senior in a village (see: malik, village chief)

Khana:

room; house

Khandan:

family

Khatakaï:

sweet melon (see: garma, sarda)

Khel:

tribe

Þ khel yilaka:

tribal territory

Kherat:

social ceremonies (for weddings, deaths, circumcisions)

Khp_l:

own

khp_l wuli:

close relative (for intermarriages)

Khuni:

murder

khuni baha:

murder payment; blood money

Khur:

sister

Khurma:

dates

Khushk:

to dry

khusk saali:

drought (=dry year)

khushkwar:

spring harvest

khuskawa:

dry agriculture (see: barani)

Lat.:

enbankment (see: band)

Lau:

harvest

Lauzaghai:

herding contract

Lavian:

hired agricultural worker (for the harvest of wheat) (see: mazduur)

Lewa:

wolf

Loe:

big, high

loe sar:

big, high peak

Lora:

torrent

Loshal:

to milk

Lur:

daughter

Maal:

livestock; animal capital

maaldar:

livestock keeper

Maalik:

landlord (see: bazgaar, or tenant)

Mahal:

place

Maïna:

wife

Malang:

indigent; destitute

MaldaÞ:

cattle

Malik:

tribe chief; village chief (see: khan; nawab, sardar)

Malkiat:

privately-owned land

Malikana:

ownership; property

malikana ak:

ownership rights

Mama:

uncle (mother's brother)

mama zoyi:

cousin (mother's brother's son)

mama-ganaï:

matrilineage

Man:

traditional weight measure (=37.32 kg., or 40 seer)

nim man (=half-man): = 18.6 kg. or 20 seer

Mandaw:

hut (to keep goats and sheep in winter)

Manguleï:

non-cultivated fodder

Markit:

market

Mashar:

chief; household chief; elder (pl. mashraan)

Mayan:

fish

mayanu shikar:

fishing (=fish searchong)

Mazduur:

hired agricultural worker (see: lavian) mazduur kaar: wage labour

Mazigar:

share of water (at karez) (3 furs) in the evening (see: shabanaroz, nimakaye)

Melma:

guest

melman khana:

guest-house (see: baïtak)

melma-palana:

hospitality (see: melmastiya, shaïgara)

melmastiya:

hospitality (see: shaïgara, melmapalana)

Meja:

sheep

Mil:

unit of distance (=mile)

Minda:

castrate (animals)

Miranaa:

respect; estime

Miras:

tribal land

Miraw:

water (karez) supervisor in charge of distributing water shares (=miri-ab)

Mokam:

solidarity

Moor:

riche; wealthy

Mor:

mother

Morgha:

grass

Mosum:

wheater

garam mosum:

hot wheater

yakh mosum:

cold wheather

Moza:

administrative unit

Mulki (ghanam):

local variety of wheat (see: sarkari)

Muneï:

autumn

Musafir:

traveller; nomad (see: kochean, pawondean)

Mzakka:

land

Nabud:

fallow

Nang:

hono (see: tura, ghaïrat, izzat); protection

Nasab:

lineage to whom somebody belongs by alliance (through marriage)

Nawab:

chief (at the level of a confederacy)

Nawako:

bride

Neiz:

flood; flood agriculture (see: aïlob)

Nik_:

grand-father

Nima:

half

nima-kaye:

share of water (12 furs) (at karez) (see: shabnaroz, mazigar)

Niya:

grand-mother (mother's mother) (see: anna)

Niyaz:

alms

Oba:

water (see: abi)

pakhé oba:

perennial water

obo malik:

manager of water point (see: miraw)

Païsa:

coin

Pakhé:

permanent

pakhé oba:

perennial water

Pam_nda:

distributed land

Pargoor:

protected grazing areas

Parda:

veil, curtain, seclusion, hiding

PaÞi:

leaf; foliage

Pashtun:

Pashtun, Pathan

Pashtunwaali:

social code; Pashtun customary law

Patata:

potato

Patwari:

officer in charge of land registration, cadastre

Pawondean:

pastoralists; nomads (see:kochean, musafir)

Peaz:

onion

Pedawar:

production

PeÞla:

girl (over 15 yrs)

Piaye:

to graze

Plar:

father, head of nuclear family

plar-u-nik_:

ancestor (father's grand-fathers)

Pomba:

cotton

Pop:

loan

poÞawar:

who received a loan

Psarleï:

spring (season)

Paw:

traditional weight measure (=0.23 kg., or 1/4 of seer)

nim paw (=half paw): 0.11 kg.

Pun:

ticks

Rawaaj:

custom, traditions

Regana:

sandy

regana mzakka:

sandy soil

Reïk:

sand

Rogha:

peace

Rood:

river

Saïlab:

flood (agriculture); flooded land

Sakhawat:

generosity

Sakhi:

generous

Sar:

peak (of mountain)

SaÞa ghanam:

winter wheat

Saraï:

man

Sarda:

sweet melon (see:garma, khatakaï)

Sardar:

chief (at the level of tribal groupings (see: nawab, malik)

Sarkari:

government

sarkari ghanam:

variety of wheat introduced by the Agric. dept.)

Sarsaya:

alms (for ramadaan)

Sauzbar:

autumn harvest

Seeb:

apple

Seer:

unit of weight (=0.933 kg.) (Þman)

nam seer (=half seer): 0.46 kg.

S_ra:

manure, animal manure see ambar)

Spin jire

(=white beard):elder; old man

Spishti:

lucerne

Shabanaroz:

share of water (24 furs) (at karez) (= day and night) (see: nimakaye, mazigar)

Shaïgara:

hospitality (see: melmastiya, melmapalana)

Shakannak:

communal flock

Shalumbe:

sour milk

Shamilat:

non attributed lands, land under communal tenure

Shela:

small torrent

Sheza:

woman (see: zan)

Shikar:

hunting

Shikari:

hunter

Shpana:

shepherd

Shpun:

herder

Shudeï:

milk

Talak:

divorce

Tarbur:

cousin (father's brother's son); rival

Tauda ghanam:

summer wheat

Taway:

flock of goats (see: kandak, for sheep)

Tehsil:

administrative unit

Tofa:

gift

Tror:

aunt (mother's/father's sister)

Tubwel:

tubewell (see: bahureï)

Tukhum:

seed

Tchetank:

traditional weight measures (=0.05 kg. or 1/16 of 1 seer)

Ush:

camel (male)

Usha:

camel (female)

Ustakar:

blacksmith (pi. ustakaran)

Vesh:

distribution of land (see: bandubast)

Viala:

channel

Viala:

water channel

Vina:

blood

Vror:

brother

Waada:

marriage

Wada:

wedding

Walwar:

brideprice

Wareï:

shearing

LaÞeï:

wool

Warkhare:

parasitism

Washa:

fodder

Wawra:

snow

Wula:

flock of young lambs (sheep (see: barkar)

Yakh mowsum:

cold weather

Yakh:

winter

Yilaka:

territory

Zai:

lineage

Zamindar:

agriculturalist

zamindari:

agriculturale

Zan:

woman

Zan:

to beat (see: dol-zan)

Zindeï:

irrigated agriculture(see: abi)

Zoyi:

son

Zuwan:

youth; young people

Zwan:

boy (over 15 years)

r:

'r' with the tongue near the teeth;

Þ:

'r' with the tongue further back (palatale 'r')

_:

silent 'e' as the English '_' in 'but'

ee:

long 'e'