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Further Reading

1993 Reports

• Gulf War Air Power Survey
  • Summary Report (792 Kb .doc file)
  • Vol I: Planning & Command and Control (1.7 Mb .doc file)
  • Vol II: Operations & Effects and Effectiveness (2.0 Mb .doc file)
  • Vol III: Logistics & Support (1.9 Mb .doc file)
  • Vol IV: Weapons, Tactics, and Training & Space Operations (566 Kb .doc file)
  • Vol V, Part II: Chronology of the Gulf War (690 Kb .doc file)
• "Fratricide: Can it be Stopped?" by Lt. Commander William Ayers, III, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the factors that contribute to firendly fire fatalities, proposes measures to reduce the instances.
• "Declining Strategic Mobility: A Tread We Must Reverse Now" by Major Alan K. Baker, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the sealift and airlift problems facing the US military.
• "Maritime Prepositioning Force: A Historical Analysis" by Major Bernard T. Burchell, Jr., United States Marine Corps.
• "ASPJ: Victim of Friendly Fire" by Lt. Commander David Baranek, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Reviews the appropriations and development history of the Airborne Self-Protection Jammer.
• "Strategic Sealift: A Problem With a Solution" by Major K.D. Bolitho, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Reviews the Afloat Prepositioning Ships and the Maritime Prepositioning Ships programs, discussing current sealift needs.
• "Fighting the MAGTF in the Joint Arena; Keeping the ACE Intact. by Major T.G. Boodry, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that a transfer of the Marine Corps Air Combat Element so that it is under the control of the Joint Force Aviation Component Commander would be harmful MAGTF.
• "Fire and Air Support Center; A New Direction For the Corps" by Major F.W. Chesney, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the organizational problems that plague the Marine Corps fire support capability namely the seperate coordination centers and their effects on effective fire support.
• Somalia - The Peace-Enforcement Dilemma T. Frank Crigler Joint Forces Quarterly [Autumn 1993] Unfortunately, the results of the experiment so far are not encouraging and suggest a need to examine the lessons of Somalia carefully before peace-enforcement is attempted elsewhere. [354 kb PDF]
• "The Utility Helicopter is Still Essential" by Major Joseph G. Doyle, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the UH-1N must be replaced or upgraded and that more modern aircraft need to be procured so that the Marines can meet future requirements.
• "The "Strategic" Conventional Bombers" by Major Jerry L. Dillon, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Reviews the history of strategic bombers, advocates an increasing awareness of the conventional roles that strategic bombers should play in the future.
• "Friendly Radar + Friendly Missiles = Fratricide" by Major Richard Danchal, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Marine Corps Q-36 weapon is uniquelly at risk for fratricide due to the fact that its radar emmissions are similar to those of Russian and Iraqi radars. The author recommends that since non-technical solutions are unavailable, that force commanders should opt for non-technical methods to reduce the risks of fratricide including the increased survivability of Q-36 sites.
• "Joint Warfighting and the MAGTF" by Major Stephen M. Duoma, United States Marine Corps.
• "The Survival of United Deployment" by Major Michael T. Edwards, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Reviews the benfits of the United Deployment Program, discusses the harms of ending th program.
• "Peace Missions in the New World Order" by Major Jeffrey E. Fondaw, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that continued peacekeeping deployments risks US forces becoming over extended.
• "Deployment, Employment and Management of Marine Corps Aviation Logistics Support" by Major Mark Fracassa, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that Marine Aviation Logistics Squadrons should be effectivelly utilized during peacetime so that their combat performance will meet service requirements.
• "Are U.S. Military Forces Properly Prepared For Peacekeeping?" by Lt. Commander Mark B. Finch, United States Navy.
• "The War On Drugs: Unending LIC Or Attainable Security?" by Major Phillip B. Gleason, United States Marine Corps.
• "Marine Fixed-Wing Air, Required or Retired?" by Major Terrance A. Gould, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the USMC should retain its fixed wing capability, but should redfine its role based on the shortcomings of the other services.
• "An Old Way Of Doing Business: The Organization Of Heavy Division Direct Support Artillery Battalions" by Major David S. Henderson, United States Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that fire support battalions should be shifted from 3 batteries of 8 guns to 4 batteries of 6 guns, increasing efficiency and decreasing organizational problems plaguing the current system.
• "How Will The Marine Corps Fulfill The Forward Presence Mission In The Future? by Major Edward M. Hatcher Jr., United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "The JFACC Supporting Function" by Major Gordon B. Habbestad, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "Space And The MAGTF Commander" by Major James A. Haig, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Marine Corps should take a hard look at the opportunities that space based systems provide, and determine effective ways of utilizing these systems for MAGTF commanders.
• "In A Downsizing Environment: Can All Three Marine Corps MEFs Function As A JTF Headquarters?" by Major William D. Hardy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "Naval Gunfire Support Through The 21st Century" by Major Robert E. Hellar. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Iowa class battleships are ideal for providing ground support.
• "Peacekeeping Is Training For War" by Major Robert J. Heatly, Royal Marines. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that despite claims that Peacekeeping Operations detract from peacetime military readiness and training, low intensity conflicts provide valuable experience in actual combat operations, making up for whatever training that is missed.
• Somalia - A CINC's Perspective General Joseph P. Hoar, USMC, Commander in Chief, US Central Command Joint Forces Quarterly [Autumn 1993] The application of decisive, rather than just sufficient, force can minimize resistance, saving casualties on all sides. [373 kb PDF]
• "Peacekeeping: The Mission Is Likely To Fail" by Major Tim Hunter, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "New Contingencies, Old Roles" by Samuel P. Huntington. Joint Forces Quarterly [Autumn 1993]. [399 kb PDF]
• "Military Force Against Terrorism" by Major Kenneth E. Johnston, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "Amphibious Assault Or Amphibious Raid: You Decide! by Major Willie C. Jones, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that budget considerations would make an amphibious raid ideal instead of an amphibious assault.
• Surveying Gulf War Airpower Thomas A. Keaney Joint Forces Quarterly Autumn 1993 [707 kb PDF] The information gathered during the course of a survey commissioned by the Secretary of the Air Force confirms the dominant role of airpower while illustrating that the indirect rather than the direct effects of bombing were perhaps of more importance. Moreover, it is apparent from the results of this survey that inaccuracies are inherent in wartime assessments and that one must contend with incomplete knowledge of the target base and enemy countermeasures.
• "CH-46E Replacement: America's Best Alternative" by Major Daniel W. Kidd, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the MV-22 is the best replacement available for the CH-46E.
• "MAGTF Officers And Air Campaigning" by Major Lawrence D. Knosp, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for increased training and education of MAGTF officers so that they have a greater understanding of air warfare at the operational level of war.
• "Doctrine Development: A Look At History" by Major M.A. Kachilla, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "Re-Clawing The Bear, Russia's New Military Doctrine" by Major Mark E. Kipphut, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] An analysis of 1992 Russian Defense Doctrine.
• "Armed Escort For The Future" by Major Thomas R. Kovach, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Marine Corps ACE should include and armed escort capability, to protect medium lift aircraft.
• "The Military Versus The War On Drugs: How Much To Do?" by Commander Boris LEYTON. Student,Chilean Marine Corps.
• "From The Sea: The Right Strategy/The Wrong Tools" by Lt. Commander Carl B. Lawrimore, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the current Navy force structure is inadequate and that a shift from a blue water to a brown water navy, advocates the procurement of newer amphibious ships and the MV-22.
• "Mine Warfare - Where is it Today?" by Lt. Commander Janice A. Lawrimore, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for the continued funding of the mine warfare program initiated following DESERT STORM, recommends pro-active measures.
• "The Marine Corps' Role In Joint Special Operations: Are We Elite Enough?" by Major James B. Laster, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that Marine Corps units should be provided to USSOCOM.
• "Marine Automated Command And Control Systems: Lifting The Fog Of War" by Major Kevin M. Leahy, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] A discussion of the Marine Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS)
• "At The Crossroads With Amphibious Shipping" by Major M. W. LaVigne, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the current amphibious lift capability is in decline and that service lives of existing ships should be extended until replacements are commissioned.
• "The National Guard: Balanced And Flexible Or Excess Baggage?" by Major B. K. Murray, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that instead of additional cuts in force strength, that the US should instead disband the National Guard.
• "Naval Surface Fire Support: How Can We Get There From Here?" by Lt. Commander Clarence Todd Morgan, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] A review of the challenges facing NSFS, advocates short, medium, and long-term policy options that would provide an adequate fire support capability.
• "Littoral Warfare: Adapting to Brown-Water Operations" by Lt. Commander Frank J. Murphy, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the requirements for waging war in littoral environments, from logistics to Space Warfare.
• "Marine Expeditionary Unit Aviation Forces And The Integrated Air Defense System Threat" by Major Mark D. Mahaffey, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the USMC ACE needs a anti-radiation guided missile and defensive electronic countermeasures to counter hostile integrated air defense systems.
• "The Regimentalized Division" by Major Paul B. Malone IV, United States Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Army should shift to regimental divisions, with each division, with the exception of airborne divisions, being comprised of three regiments with supporting units.
• "Tactical Electronic Warfare Aircraft In The Twenty-First Century" by Major R. A. Muegge, Student, United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that all EF-111As should be replaced with EA-6Bs.
• "United States Logistics Command" by Major Raymond M. Martin, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for the establishment of a unified Logistics Command to integrate the national objective of reducing defense expenditures with the combat perspective of supporting expeditionary forces.
• "Looking Back At The Future: The Practice And Patterns Of Expeditionary Operations In The 20th Century" by Major Richard S. Moore, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that planners should review the history of expitionary operations to assist with preperations for future operations.
• "The Time Has Come For The Advanced Assault Amphibian" by Major Timothy E. McDonough, U.S. Marine Corp. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for research, development, and deployment of an Advanced Assault Amphibian Vehicle.
• "Peacekeeping Or Peace-Enforcement: There Is A Difference" by Major Thomas M. Murray, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Compares and contrasts peacekeeping and peace-enforcement operations.
• "". . . From The Sea:" Future Role of the F/A-18 in the Marine Air-Ground Team" by Major W. J. Miles, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the potential implications of the Navy and Marine Corps White Paper on the Marine Corps fixed-wing aircraft.
• "Strategic Mobility For The Future" by Major William L. Nichols, U.S. Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses US strategic mobility capabilities and what reforms need to be implemented to improve those capabilities.
• "Paradigm Paralysis: Doing More With Less In The Transport Helicopter Community" by Major Christopher E. O'Connor, United States Marine Corps.
• "From The Sea - - To Where?" by Lt. Commander E.T. O'Brien, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Advocates the adoption of "From the Sea..." by the Navy."
• "The United States Coast Guard" by Lt. Commander F.X. O'Byrne, Jr., United States Coast Guard. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the Marine Corps Command and Staff College should include instruction on the Coast Guard.
• "An Envoy's Perspective" by Robert B. Oakley. Joint Forces Quarterly [Autumn 1993]. [330 kb PDF]
• "Force Structure Realignments And The Marine Corps/Department of State Security Forces" by Major M. M. Oliver, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that not all US embassies require Marine Security Guards, and that Marine should only be assigned to high risk embassies.
• "The KRA And Assault Support: A Case For KC-130 Modernization" by Major Anthony B. Pais, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the procurement of KC-130s are crucial to maintaining USMC aerial refueling and logistics capabilities of MAGTFs.
• "...From The Sea Future Challenges For Naval Aviation" by Major Daniel G. Peters, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for increased training and changes in doctrine to better allow the integration of Marine Corps and Navy aircraft.
• "War-At-Sea or War From The Sea?" by Lt. Commander Paul M. Pietsch, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for the continued development of weapon and sensor systems that will allow the Navy to operate effectivelly in littoral areas.
• "Role Of The JFACC In Future Conflicts" by Major William G. Polowitzer, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "Liaison; Our Doctrinal Stepchild" by Lt. Colonel David H. Robinson, U.S. Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that current doctrinal literature on liaison functions needs to be addressed.
• "United States Special Operations Command: How Marine Corps Participation Could Enhance Current Special Operations Capabilities" by Major Charles M. Sellers, United States Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College
• "A Strategy For Command And Control Support" by Major Daniel D. Sullivan, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Advocates an integrated procurement policy with regards to command and control technology, so that state-of-the-art systems are being used instead of a patchwork of systems that may present problems.
• "Let's All Get On Board With CAS" by Major E. E. Shoults, United States Marine Corps Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for a historical review of combat air support to improve effectiveness.
• "Helicopter Support In Desert Storm: Fixes Are In Order!" by Major E. J. Spinella, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Discusses the problems of Marine helicopter support during the Gulf War.
• "Marine Tactical Aviation: Cobra And Hornet, The Unbeatable Team" by Major H. A. Stockwell, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the AH-1W should replace the AV-8 Harrier.
• "Medium Lift Replacement: What Is The Answer?" by Major Joseph C. Shusko, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that the USMC should reevaluate the MV-22 to determine its effectiveness and opt for an alternative if the Osprey doesn't meet standards.
• "Anti-Radiation Missiles And The AH-1W Cobra In The SEAD Role" by Major Jeffrey L. Speer, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Operational planners have overlooked to a large extent the AH-1W Cobra helicopter as an integral element in the successful destruction of enemy air defenses.
• "United States Marine Corps Reserve Structure" by Major Karim Shihata. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that Selective Marine Corps Reserve Units are not fit for early activation, offers solution to remedy problem.
• "Is Our Camouflage Adequate?" by Major Richard W. Spencer, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] The Marine Corps does not have a suitable method to rapidly change the camouflage color on military equipment.
• "The Military's Role In Emerging Missions" by Lt. Colonel T.W. Spencer, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues for a reevaluation of the military's role in peacekeeping operations.
• "Can The Marine Corps Survive?" by Major Brian J. Vincent III, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] If the Marine Corps is to survive, it must be willing and prepared to make even deeper personnel and equipment cuts.
• "Stinger In The Emergency Defense Of The Amphibious Task Force: An Accident Waiting to Happen" by Major Jeff S. Vogel, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Although Marine Low Altitude Air Defense units practice Emergency Defense of the Amphibious Task Force, they lack effective integration into the Navy's air defense system.
• "Communications Support For Joint Operations: Can MAGTF C3 Systems Support A JTF Headquarters?" by Major Michael J. Vohaska, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Although a MAGTF is functionally well suited for joint operations, it does not possess the C3 systems capabilities required to function as a JTF command element.
• "Global Proliferation Of High Technology" by Major James J. von Rinteln, United States Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] The worldwide proliferation of high technology and the weapons derived from that technology will challenge the United States military in future conflicts; changes to our tactics, doctrine, and equipment are required now to avoid a future military failure.
• "Lean Production--A Focus For Defense Procurement Success" by Major William B. Vance, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] A lean-production decision would simplify the acquisition process, guard against abuse, and focus defense dollars on defense programs.
• "Amphibious Support of Air Operations: Implications For The Ace Commander" by Major Barton H. Wohl, United States Air Force. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] The air combat element (ACE) commander must be able to propose courses of action for the entire MAGTF.
• "Air Support Control In Maneuver Warfare: The Direct Air Support Center Dilemma" by Major Clifton E. Washington, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Does the Direct Air Support Center, as presently equipped and employed by the Marine Corps, have the ability to control and coordinate aircraft in maneuver warfare?
• "C3: Does The United States Marine Corps Have Enough To Operate In A Joint Environment?" by Major Christopher M. Weldon, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] The Marine Corps command, control and communications assets are inadequate for affecting simultaneous command and control of a Joint Task Force and component command headquarters.
• "Medium Lift Replacement (MLR)" by Major G. Kevin Wilcutt, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Argues that there are better alternatives than the MV-22
• "Replacing the Aging CH-46" by Major Gary L. Willison, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] The Marine Corps must replace the CH-46 with a fleet of aircraft capable of conducting the mission for the next 25 years.
• "The Quintessential Armed Forces: What Does The Future Dictate?" by Major Herman Williams III, United States Army. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] To sucessfully meet the new challenges, today's Armed Forces must focus on the versatility needed to accomplish the diverse missions of the Post-Cold War World.
• "An Analysis Of Gulf War Psyops And Their Applicability To Future Operations" by ajor Peter A. Whitenack, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] A review of psyops during the Gulf War.
• "The MAGTF Is The CINC'S 911 Mechanized Force" by Major Stephen B. Wittle, United States Marine Corps. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Although the U.S. Army proposes the creation of a maritime prepositioned mechanized brigade for crisis response, creation of such a force is unnecessary with the current capabilities of a MAGTF operating as a mechanized force.
• "Beirut's Lesson For Future Foreign Policy" by Lt. Commander Steven K. Westra, United States Navy. Marine Corps University Command and Staff College [1993] Lessons learned from America's failed Lebanon policy during 1982-83 are valid today as a means to guide foreign policy formulation and to assist policymakers in determining the suitability of using military forces to secure the objectives of policy in regional conflicts.
• Unity of Control: Joint Air Operations in the Gulf James A. Winnefeld and Dana J. Johnson, Joint Forces Quarterly Summer 1993 [589 kb PDF] Unresolved doctrinal issues and some residual controversy over roles and missions did not surface because of the abundant air assets in the theater. Accordingly, decisions about allocating resources never became contentious.