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Further Reading

Romania - Army

The Land Forces constitute the largest component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Program Force 2003 design is formulated around the brigade as the basic maneuver element for the Army. In total, nine active combat and combat support brigades would constitute the immediate response capability. Fourteen territorial combat and combat support brigades would support these active units. Three logistics brigades l provide sustainability. Command and control would be provided by an operational corps and one division headquarters for contingency missions, while two territorial corps headquarters would generate supporting forces as necessary. In order to accomplish the planned end-strength, over 120 battalion-type units were eliminated or restructured by 2002, and another 200 were eliminated or restructured by the end of 2003.

"Restructuring the Force" is the most important task, among the others, and the cornerstone for the entire transformation process of the Romanian Armed Forces. Its achievement enables and powers the implementation of all others courses of action. For this reason, it will be analyzed more in-depth. The configuration of the future military force of Romania was defined as Project Force - 2005.

As of 2004 the Land Forces operational structure included 8 combat brigades, 4 combat support and 2 logistics brigades. Part of the units should be able to conduct actions abroad, within multinational groups of forces. Operational forces, on the whole, will be maintained at a readiness of seven to 90 days and manned at 70 percent to 90 percent of authorized strength with regulars and short-term volunteers. The Army's territorial and reserve structure will include 10 combat brigades, 5 combat support and 2 logistics brigades. Territorial forces will maintain a readiness level of 180 to 360 days, have a full complement of major equipment and be manned at 10 percent to 20 percent of their wartime strength.

On March 12 1990, the minister of National Defence issued the # B3/0907 Order to establish MP units/subunits Romania wide. Starting with 15.05.1990, the 265 MP Bn, 286 MP Coy, 282 MP Coy, 295 MP Coy, 302 MP Coy, other MP Coys, platoons and squads were founded by the chief of Land Forces. Due to reorganisation of Romanian Land Forces, starting with 1999 some MP Coys were transformed into MP platoons and squads and some of them were reassigned to logistic or combart support units. Starting with 2006, 4 MP-Guard Battalions were set up. Main misssion is to guard sensitive military HQs and installations. The strength of these Bns is about 3000 personnel. SMFT (Land Forces Staff) Directia Informatii Militare (Military Intelligence Directorate) Operatii Speciale (Special Operations) BATALION HUMINT-ECUSON (Humint Battalion) DGIA (Military Intelligence Directorate) "http://english.mapn.ro/">Ministry of National Defense http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1994/9404-8.htm http://cssas.unap.ro/ro/carti.htm http://www.traditia-militara.ro/index.php?article=9&language=ro 2nd Paratroopers Brigade [inactivated in 2005] 119th Recon Battalion 56th Para battalion 64th Para battalion para battalion Batalionul 498 Parasutisti Program Force 2003 Air Forces 1 ASOC 6 Air Combat Squadrons 6 Combat Element Squadrons 1 Air Transport Flotilla 1 Air Defense Brigade 1 Air Defense Regiment 2 Air Bases 2 Training Bases 1 Radio Relay Center 3 Signal Regiments Low Readiness [Territorial] 2 Air Division HQs 1 SAM Regiment 1 Engineer Regiment 2 Training Squadrons 2 Air Training Bases Program Force 2003 Naval Forces High Readiness [Active] 1 Maritime Fleet HQ 1 River Flotilla HQ 1 Frigate 5 Ship Squadrons 1 EW Center 1 Diving Center 1 Marine Corps Battalion Low Readiness [Territorial] 1 Coastal Missile Squadron 1 Patrol Boat Squadron 1 Maritime Base 1 River Base 1 Infantry Division "DACICA" ["Gauls"] continues the traditions army fighting in the Order established 1 Nr. 37 of 16 august 1916 specifying: beginning on the day of 18 (eighteen) August all the troops and the services offered through the work of the presumption that Z, will pass under the orders of the Army Command has operations, whose headquarters will be installed on the premises of Scoalei artillery, genius and the Navy, the path Grivitei, Bucharest.

Combining at first Body 1 Army, Divisions 1, 12, and 13, Detasamentul OLT-LUPUL, and custom Union General John Culcer, the army 1 Romanian enter in the first stage in its history including the period august 1916-1918.

November 1916: the battle for Atlanta. Adverse conditions completely engaged in by the Romanian army, the battle was not successfully soldier and as a result, 1 Army troops, together with those of the second Army were repliat to the East, that towards the end of German troops to stop submitting profile later Transylvania-Siretul, where it was front and stabilized.

In an order for the day given in August 1917 the General eremia GRIGORESCU, Army Commander, are praised the virtues of soldiers of the Army again 1: "... Through the strength you have submitted in your marasesti and piepturile MUNCEL navalirii cotropitor enemy, you've done to darken the dreams of conquest of supplier we have left of our precious country. ... You have made to revive in the minds of all the memories of our glorious facts as strabunilor ... In your blood will rise, clean and grant, a country (u.s.) Romanians all ... ".

HISTORY DIVIZIEI 1 INFANTERIE 1st Infantry Division "DACICA" On 14 August 1916, at 24.00, as the high Q nr.2764 decree given by Ferdinand I of Romania whole army moved to enforcement mobilization. Scopul si necesitatea acestei, masuri de interes vital pentru destinele românilor erau sintetizate de Telegrama Marelui Cartier General nr.2823 din aceeasi zi, semnata de Presedintele Consiliului de Ministri si, Ministru de Razboi, ION IC BRATIANU, prin care se precizeaza "Cu onoare se face cunoscut ca ne aflam în stare de razboiu cu Austro-Ungaria cu începere din ziua de 14 August ora 9 seara". Purpose and need for this, measures were vital for the fate of Romanian General Staff summary Telegram nr.2823 the same day, signed by the President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of War, ION Bratianu, which states "The honor is make known that we are in a state of war with Austria-Hungary on August 14 starting from 9 o'clock. "

ARMATA 1 DE OPERATII 1st Army Operations Asadar, în conformitate cu Ordinul nr.37 din 16 august 1916 Therefore, in accordance with the Order of August 16, 1916 nr.37 care constituie actul de nastere al "Armatei 1 de operatii" - "cu începere din ziua de 18 ( optisprezece ) August ac (1916 - nn) toate trupele si serviciile prevazute prin lucrarile Ipotezei Z, vor trece sub ordinele superioare ale Comandamentului Armatei Ia operatiuni which is the birth of Army operations a "-" starting from the day of 18 (optisprezece) August this year (1916 - Ed) bands and services provided by Z hypothesis works will go under superior orders army to Operations Command , al carui cartier general se va afla instalat în Localul Scoalei de Artilerie, Geniu si Marina, Calea Grivitei , Bucuresti". Whose headquarters will be installed on the premises of the School of Artillery, Engineering and Marine, Route Grivitei, Bucharest.

Evolutia Armatei 1 si a comandamentului acesteia a înregistrat mai multe etape distincte de organizare si functionare. Evolution of an Army and its headquarters has been several distinct stages of organization and functioning. Astfel, având în compunere la început Thus, having started composing at Corpul 1 Armata, Diviziile 11, 12 si 13, Detasamentul OLT- LOTRU, iar la comanda pe generalul de divizie CULCER IOAN, Armata I româna intra cu viteza ce-o impuneau evenimentele acelei vremi, în prima etapa din istoria sa ce va cuprinde perioada august 1916 - mai 1918. An Army Corps, Divisions 11, 12 and 13 OLT-LOTRU Detachment and the order by Culcer Division General John Romanian Army enters with a speed that required the events of those times, the first stage in its history that will cover the period August 1916 - May 1918. Primul razboi mondial World War În conformitate cu planul de campanie, Armata 1, dispusa la flancul stâng în dispozitivul strategic al frontului românesc de pe Carpati, participa initial la operatia de acoperire, în fâsia repartizata si apoi, cu bune rezultate, la ofensiva declansata. Under the campaign plan, an army, ordered the left flank into the strategic front of the Romanian Carpathians, the coating initially participating in Gaza and then distributed, with good results on the offensive. În perioada 15 - 28 august Armata I a patruns pe valea OLTULUI si a realizat un cap de pod la sud de SIBIU, Between August 15 to 28 Army entered the Olt Valley and made a bridgehead south of Sibiu, pe valea JIULUI a iesit cu o divizie în pasul MERISOR, iar în Banat, cu trupele de la flancul Jiu Valley went on a division in step cranberry and Banat, with troops from the flank stâng, a depasit valea CERNEI. left, went Cerna Valley.

Dupa 6 septembrie, fata de situatia creata în DOBROGEA, comandamentul român a hotarât sa opreasca After September 6, to the situation in Dobrogea, Romanian command decided to stop ofensiva din TRANSILVANIA. offensive in Transylvania. Armata 1 trece la aparare pe întregul aliniament Army a whole move to defense alignment atins, forma de achieved, as lupta predominanta pentru perioada septembrie - decembrie 1916. predominant fighting for the period September to December 1916.

Comandamentul Armatei I si fortele din compunere sunt nevoite, cu dificultati enorme si în fata unui inamic superior numericeste si tehnic, cu o experienta de razboi apreciabila, sa organizeze aliniamentele de aparare de pe Carpati, angajând memorabile lupte de aparare din valea JIULUI si de pe valea OLTULUI. Army Forces Command and the composition are required, and the enormous difficulties facing a numerically and technically superior enemy, with considerable war experience, to organize defense alignments of the cloth, employing memorable fights in defense of the Jiu Valley Olt Valley. Toate încercarile inamicului facute timp de câteva saptamâni de a dezvolta ofensiva spre sud au fost zdrobite de trupele Armatei 1, care îmbinau cu pricepere dârza aparare pe pozitie cu riposte ofensive. All enemy attempts made over several weeks to develop an offensive south were crushed by an Army troops, skillfully combining stout defense responses attacking position.

Asa a fost cazul Diviziei 11 Infanterie române care, ducând lupte de aparare în lungul vaii JIULUI, pentru a zdrobi ofensiva Grupului Kneussl (având în compunere o divizie de infanterie si o divizie de cavalerie, germane si o brigada de infanterie austro - ungara) - la 14 octombrie divizia româna a trecut la executarea As was the case of Romanian Infantry Division 11 leading defensive battle along the Jiu Valley, offensive to crush Kneussl Group (composition having an infantry division and a cavalry division, a brigade of infantry, German and Austro - Hungarian) - on October 14 passed the enforcement division Romanian unui contraatac care, printr-o manevra dublu învaluitoare, viza încercuirea si nimicirea fortelor principale ale inamicului, continuarea înaintarii si refacerea apararii pe pozitiile de la frontiera. a counter that a double encircling maneuver, aimed at encircling and destroying the enemy's main forces, further advancement and restoration of border defense positions. Concomitent, comandantul gruparii inamice hotaraste sa reia ofensiva, astfel ca ambii adversari au trecut la atac. Simultaneously, the enemy commander decides to resume the offensive group, so both went to attack opponents. Victoria a fost de partea trupelor române, ajutate si sprijinite de populatia satelor din zona si îndeosebi de cetatenii orasului Târgu Jiu. Victoria was the Romanian troops, aided and supported by the population of villages in the area and especially the citizens of Targu Jiu. Fiind amenintata cu încercuirea, gruparea principala germana a început reorganizarea spre nord, urmarita de unitatile Diviziei a 11-a Infanterie, care, în scurt Being threatened with encirclement, the group began reorganization of German north, followed by units of 11th Infantry Division, which briefly timp, a iesit pe vechiul aliniament de aparare. time went on the old line of defense.

Referindu-se la retragerea trupelor sale de la JIU, generalul Falkenhzin - comandantul Armatei a 9-a germane - spunea ca aceasta "sa efectuat cu greutati ce abia pot fi descrise. Retragerea de-abia a mai fost posibila. Pentru tunuri si vehicule însa nu sa mai putut face nimic, au trebuit sa fie distruse sau aruncate în prapastii". Referring to withdraw its troops from JIU General Falkenhzin - commander of the 9th German Army - said that it "was performed with weights that can hardly be described. Withdrawal has hardly been possible. But for guns and vehicles could not do anything, had to be destroyed or disposed of precipices. Peste 2.000 de prizonieri au cazut în mâinile trupelor noastre. Over 2,000 prisoners have fallen into the hands of our troops.

Victoria de la JIU sa datorat ostasilor români care au savârsit numeroase acte de eroism fiind motivati si de gestul suprem al generalului ION DRAGALINA - comandantul Armatei 1 române - care, dupa ce a luat masuri pentru întarirea Diviziei a 11-a Infanterie, sa deplasat personal în zona actiunilor de lupta, unde a fost ranit The victory was due to JIU Romanian soldiers who committed numerous acts of heroism are motivated and Chief of General Ion Dragalina gesture - a Romanian Army - which, after taking steps to strengthen the 11th Infantry Division, moved staff combat actions in the area where he was wounded mortal. death.

Luptele Diviziei a 11-a Infanterie de la JIU din octombrie 1916 se înscriu printre cele mai reusite actiuni desfasurate de trupele române Fighting 11th Infantry Division of the JIU in October 1916 are covered by the most successful actions of Romanian troops în timpul primului razboi mondial. during WWI.

Dupa insuccesul înregistrat, comandamentul german a concentrat la JIU o grupare si mai puternica; realizând o superioritate de 7/l , inamicul a silit trupele Armatei 1 sa se retraga spre After failure recorded, the German command concentrated JIU groups and stronger, making a superiority of 7 / l, an Army troops forced the enemy to withdraw sud-est. southeast.

Încercarile eroice facute de armata româna în cursul lunii noiembrie 1916 de a opri ofensiva germana pe OLT, NEAJLOV si ARGES nu au reusit datorita superioritatii numerice si tehnice a inamicului. Heroic attempts made by the Romanian army in November 1916 to stop the German advance on OLT and ARGES Neajlov failed due to numerical and technical superiority of the enemy. Atacate concomitent dinspre vest, nord si sud, forjele Armate1 1 s-au repliat catre est. Simultaneously contested west, north and south were forjele Armate1 an eastward muster. In fata acestei situatii comandamentul român a hotarât Faced with this situation decided Romanian headquarters sa should treaca la contraofensiva si sa nimiceasca pe rând gruparile inamicului, începând cu cea mai apropiata si mai periculoasa, gruparea generalului Kosch , care fortase DUNAREA go to counter and destroy the enemy of all groups from the nearest and most dangerous group General Kosch, which forced DANUBE în zona ZIMNICEA si Zimnicea area and se îndrepta spre BUCURESTI . headed to Bucharest. Astfel a luat nastere una dintre cele mai mari batalii desfasurate pe frontul român în anul 1916, cunoscuta sub denumirea de "Batalia pentru Bucuresti". Thus arose one of the biggest battles carried on the Romanian front in 1916, known as the "Battle of Bucharest.

Angajata în conditii complet defavorabile de câtre armata româna, batalia nu sa soldat cu succes si, ca urmare, trupele Armatei, împreuna cu cele ale Armatei a II-a s-au repliat spre est, reusind ca spre sfârsitul anului 1916 sa opreasca înaintarea trupelor germane cotropitoare pe aliniamentul Carpatii Orientali, Siretul inferior,. Fully engaged in conditions unfavorable for the Romanian army, no battle was successful and, therefore, Army troops with the Army II were muster east, succeeding the late 1916 to halt the troops German invading the eastern Carpathians alignment, Siret lower. unde frontul sa stabilizat. where the front stabilized. Ulterior fortele Armatei 1 au fost regrupate în Moldova, în spatele frontului în vederea refacerii. Later an Army forces in Moldova were grouped behind the front to recovery.

În cursul iernii si primaverii anului I9l7 sa realizat reorganizarea armatei române potrivit învatamintelor si cerintelor rezultate din experienta razboiului. During winter and spring I9l7 Romanian Army reorganization was done according to requirements and lessons from the experience of war. In luna iunie 1917 fortele române din Moldova, reorganizate în spatele frontului, au fost constituite In the month of June 1917 the Romanian forces in Moldova, reorganized behind the front, were set într-o armata - Armata 1 - si introduse în esalonul întâi, pe Siretul inferior, în sectorul Namoloasa, din Poarta Focsanilor, întra armatele a 4-a si a 6-a ruse. in an army - an army - and placed in first echelon, the Siret lower in the sludge of Focsani Gate, between the armies of the 4th and 6th Russian.

Între 24 iulie si 21 august 1917, actiunile de lupta desfasurate de Armata 1 în valea SIRETULUI si pe înaltimile din dreapta râului - cunoscute sub denumirea de "Batalia de la Marasesti" - au fost încununate de cea mai mare si cea mai însemnata victorie a fortelor române din timpul primului razboi mondial. Between July 24 and August 21, 1917, combat operations conducted by the Army in January in Siret valley and river heights on the right - known as the "Battle of Marasesti" - have been crowned the greatest and most important victory of the forces Romanian during WWI. La 21 august, dupa aproape o luna de atacuri furibunde, care s-au soldat cu pierderea a peste 47.000 de militari - morti si raniti -, ofensiva germana a esuat. On August 21, after nearly a month of furious attacks, which resulted in loss of over 47,000 soldiers - dead and wounded - German offensive failed. Succesul obtinut a fost însa platit cu un însemnat tribut de sânge. But success was an important tribute paid by blood. Armata 1 româna a One of the Romanian Army pierdut în cursul bataliei aproape 27.000 de oameni (morti, raniti si disparuti). lost during the battle nearly 27,000 men (killed, wounded and missing).

Al doilea razboi mondial WWII Etapa a doua de existenta a Armatei I, ca structura constituita, începe în perioada premergatoare intrarii României în cea de-a doua conflagratie mondiala. Stage two of the Army's existence as a structure formed, beginning in the period before the entry of Romania in the Second World War. In conformitate cu Ordinul Marelui Stat Major, nr.1/1939, începând cu data de 22.03.1939, sa constituit Armata 1 având cartierul general la CLUJ. In accordance with the Order of the General Staff, nr.1/1939, as of 22/03/1939, an army was formed with headquarters in Cluj.

Dupa Dictatul de la Viena , Armata I se retrage pe granita impusa arbitrar si realizeaza apoi operatia de acoperire pe timpul mobilizarii armatei române generate de declansarea celui de-al doilea razboi mondial. After the Vienna Award, Army arbitrarily imposed boundary retracts and then the coating made during the Romanian army mobilization generated by the outbreak of World War II.

Situatia rezultata în urma actului de la 23 August a impus ca operatia de acoperire pentru închiderea si apararea granitei vremelnice din podisul TRANSILVANIEI si a frontierelor cu UNGARIA si IUGOSLAVIA sa fie încredintata initial unei singure armate - Armata 1, care avea punctul de comanda la SIBIU. Situation resulting from the act of August 23 as the coating required for temporary border closure and protection of the plateau and the border with Hungary and Yugoslavia initially assigned to a single army - an army that was the point of order in Sibiu.

Pentru aceasta, Armata I - comandata de generalul de corp de armata Nicolae MACICI - a primit În subordine toate marile unitati (10 divizii), formatiunile, centrele de instructie si scolile militare dislocate atunci în TRANSILVANIA, CRISANA si BANAT, precum si Trupele de graniceri. To do this, Army - commanded by General Nicholas Macici corps - has received all the major subordinate units (10 divisions), formations, military schools and training centers where displaced in Transylvania and Banat CRISANA and Border Guards .

În perioada 5 septembrie - 4 octombrie 1944, trupele Armatei 1 au desfasurat cu succes lupte în CRISANA si BANAT având misiunea de a apara frontiera de vest a tarii si de a interzice patrunderea inamicului spre trecatorile Carpatilor MERIDIONALI, pastrând în special zonele BEIUS, ARAD si TIMISOARA. Between 5 September to 4 October 1944, Army troops have conducted a successful fight in Crisan and Banat with the mission to defend the western frontier of the country and to prevent enemy penetration to Carpathians passes, keeping particular areas Beius and Arad TIMISOARA. Dupa depasirea granitei româno-ungare, în cadrul operatiei DEBRETIN, în After passing the Romanian-Hungarian border, the operation of Debrecen in cadrul gruparii care a actionat pe directia loviturii principale, Armata 1 a participat cu 4 divizii. the group which acted on the main strike direction, an Army participated in four divisions. La operatia BUDAPESTA - în cadrul careia trupele române au însumat un efectiv de peste 2l0.000 de oameni, actionând tot timpul în esalonul întâi, unele dintre marile noastre unitati, fiind angajate pe directia loviturii principale, participând la ruperea apararii inamicului în cele mai importante sectoare. In operation BUDAPEST - in which Romanian troops totaled a flock of over 2l0.000 people, always acting in the first echelon, some of our major units are engaged in major coup towards participating in breaking the enemy's defenses in major sectors. Pâna la 26 aprilie 1945, trupele Armatei 1 române au participat la operatia din HORN si MORAVA, - cea nai ampla dintre toate operatiile executate de cele doua armate române pe teritoriul cehoslovac. Until April 26, 1945, a Romanian Army troops participated in Operation of Horn and Moravia - the flute comprehensive of all operations performed by two Romanian armies on Czechoslovak territory. Procesul postbelic de reorganizare a armatei române, a impus elaborarea de catre adunarea deputatilor în anul 1947, a "Legii nr. 205 pentru organizarea si functionarea Ministerului Apararii Nationale" si a "Legii nr.206 pentru organizarea armatei". Postwar reorganization process of the Romanian army, required preparation by the Assembly of Deputies in 1947, the "Law no. 205 for the organization and functioning of the Ministry of National Defense" and "Law nr.206 for military organization." În baza acestor acte normative, în iunie acelasi an, se creeaza ca structuri organizatorice, 4 regiuni militare, Armata 1 încetând sa existe ca structura , conform Ordinului Marelui Stat Major, nr.40.500 din o2 iunie 1947, desfiintându-se începând cu 05 iunie 1947. Under these regulations, in June the same year, to create the organizational structure, four military regions, army ceased to exist as a structure according to order of General Staff, nr.40.500 of O2 in June 1947, repealing the June 5 is from 1947.

ARMATA 1 ARMY 1 A treia etapa în existenta Armatei 1 începe cu 05.04.1980, când, pe baza aprobarii Consiliului Apararii, mentionata în protocolul nr. The third stage begins with the existence of an Army 04/05/1980, when, on the approval of the Defense Council, said the Protocol. CA 004 al sedintei din 06 februarie, transmisa cu Ordinul General al ministrului apararii nationale nr.008 din 02 aprilie 1980, CA 004 of the hearing on February 6, sent to the Minister of National Defence General nr.008 of April 2, 1980, Armata a 2-a având comandamentul în garnizoana BUCURESTI îsi schimba denumirea în Armata 1 în garnizoana BUZAU, dupa aceasta data se înfiinteaza Comandamentul Armatei a 2-a. 2nd Army headquarters in Bucharest garrison having changed its name in an Army garrison BUZAU thereafter to establish the 2nd Army Command. În perioada 16-22 decembrie 1989, activitatea Comandamentului Armatei 1 sa desfasurat în conformitate cu ordinele transmise de esalonul superior si ale comandantului armatei având ca scop, punerea în aplicare a planului de masuri pentru ridicarea capacitatii de lupta potrivit indicativelor si ordinelor primite. Between 16 to 22 December 1989, work was carried out in an Army Command under orders submitted by senior army commander and aimed at the implementation of action plan for increasing the combat according to tags and orders. Începând cu 22 decembrie 1989, comandamentul, marile unitati si unitatile Armatei 1 s-au situat de partea revolutiei, consolidând sentimentul de siguranta al populatiei ca armata reprezinta un important factor de putere si stabilitate. Since December 22, 1989, Command, a major Army units and units were located by the Revolution, reinforcing the feeling of safety of the population that the army is an important factor of strength and stability.

Perioada 1990-2000 a fost marcata de preocupari staruitoare pentru organizarea si desfasurarea întregului proces instructiv-educativ pe coordonatele ce rezida din misiunile ce revin armatei, stipulate în Constitutia României si Legea apararii nationale, a instructiunilor si ordinelor ce reglementeaza activitatea de pregatire a armatei la pace, în situatii de criza si la razboi. The period 1990-2000 was marked by persistent concern for the organization and conduct of the entire educational process lies in the details of the tasks incumbent on the army, stipulated in the Romanian Constitution and Law of National Defense, instructions and orders governing the preparatory work for the army peace, crisis and war.

CORPUL 1 ARMATA TERITORIAL "GENERAL IOAN CULCER" BODY 1 Army "GENERAL JOHN Culcer" La 1 1 august August 2000, 2000 Armata 1 sa transformat în Corpul 1 Armata Teritorial , continuator An army turned into an Army Corps, continue al traditiilor militare ale Armatei 1. an Army military traditions.

În paralel cu activitatile desfasurate în cadrul procesului de reforma a sistemului militar, comandamentul Corpului 1 Armata Teritorial organizeaza si desfasoara într-o conceptie unitara pregatirea comandamentului si structurilor subordonate în scopul mentinerii si perfectionarii capacitatii de a conduce fortele în conditiile razboiului modern, cresterii autoritatii si responsabilitatii acestora pentru planificarea, întrebuintarea, organizarea, gestionarea, coordonarea, controlul fortelor si utilizarea eficienta a resurselor pentru îndeplinirea misiunilor primite, precum si implementarea regulilor si procedurilor specifice participarii la actiuni militare în compunerea fortelor aliate ale NATO, UE si OSCE In parallel with activities in the process of military reform, an Army Corps command and organizes into a unified conception and preparing headquarters subordinate structures to maintain and improve the ability to lead forces in modern war conditions, and increased authority their responsibility for planning, the use, organization, management, coordination, control and efficient use of resources forces to fulfill missions received, and implementation of specific rules and procedures to participate in military actions in the composition of the allied forces of NATO, EU and OSCE

Continuator al acestor Continuation of these glorioase traditii de lupta si realizari, C. 1 A. Trt . glorious tradition of struggle and achievements, C. A. TRT 1. se prezinta la ca o structura militara de mare importanta în cadrul Statului Major al Fortelor Terestre, cu responsabilitati distincte în sistemul de aparare al tarii, capabila în orice moment sa-si îndeplineasca misiunile ce-i revin la pace, în situatii de criza si la razboi. presented at a major military structure within the Army Headquarters, with separate responsibilities in the country's defense system, capable at any time to fulfill the tasks incumbent on peace, crisis and war.

DIVIZIA 1 INFANTERIE "DACICA" 1st Infantry Division "Gauls" În conformitate cu Strategia de transformare a Armatei României, aprobata de CSAT în anul 2006, Comandamentul Corpului a Armata "General IOAN CULCER", începând cu data de 15.06.2008, sa transformat în Comandamentul Diviziei1 Infanterie . In accordance with the Romanian Army transformation strategy approved by CSAT in 2006, the Army Corps Headquarters' General JOHN Culcer, since 15.06.2008, has turned into Diviziei1 Infantry Command.

Divizia1 Infanterie va fi continuatoarea traditiilor de lupta ale Armatei I, înfiintata în baza Ordinului 37 din 16 august 1916, semnat de Regele Ferdinand I al României. Divizia1 Infantry combat will be continuing the tradition of the Army established under Order 37 of August 16, 1916, signed by King Ferdinand of Romania.

La propunerea Comisiei de heraldica si denumire din cadrul Ministerului Apararii, Divizia 1 Infanterie va purta denumirea de "DACICA". Commission proposal of heraldry and name of the Ministry of Defence, 1st Infantry Division will bear the name "Gauls".

D ivizia 1 Infanterie "Dacica" este o mare unitate de lupta, subordonata Statului Major al Fortelor Terestre, structura dislocabila, care asigura instruirea pentru mentinerea si dezvoltarea nivelului de operationalizare a comandamentului, marilor unitati si unitatilor subordonate în vederea participarii la apararea nationala sau colectiva în cadrul NATO, la actiuni de mentinere si impunere a pacii în teatrele de operatii externe în subordinea comandamentelor internationale, iar în situatii de criza si la razboi la actiuni militare în sistem integrat, pe teritoriul national sau în afara acestuia. D ivizia 1st Infantry "Dacian" is a great fighting unit subordinate to Headquarters Land Forces, deployable structures, providing training to maintain and develop the level of operationalization of command, major subordinate units and units for participation in national defense or collective the NATO action to maintain and peace enforcement operations in foreign theaters of subordinate commands in international crisis and war and military action in integrated, national territory or beyond.

Divizia 1 Infanterie "Dacica" are în compunerea sa mari unitati si unitati luptatoare (infanterie, vânatori de munte si tancuri), de sprijin de lupta (artilerie terestra sii antiaeriana, geniu, cercetare, comunicatii si informatica, aparare CBRN), de sprijin logistic si de cooperare civili - militari. 1st Infantry Division "Dacian" is the composition of its major units and fighting units (infantry, tanks and Mountain), combat support (SII terrestrial anti-aircraft artillery, engineering, research, communications and computer CBRN defense), logistical support Cooperation and civilians - the military.

HISTORY 1 INFANTRY DIVISION DACICA "" On August 14, 1916, 24.00, according toÍnaltului Decree No. 2764 given by Ferdinand I of Romania, the army has changed to the execution of mobilization. The purpose and need for, measures of interest to the fate of the Romanians were summarized by Telegram Grand Headquarters No. 2814 on the same day, signed by the President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of war, ion i. c. bratianu, by specifying "With honor is made known that we are in a State of with razboiu Austria-Hungary beginning on the day of 14 August 9 in the evening".

1st ARMY OPERATIONS Therefore, in accordance with Order No. 37 of 16 august 1916 constituting of "Army of operations"-1 "beginning on the day of 18 (optisprezece) (1916-August n.n.) bands and services to be provided through the work of the presumption that Z, will pass under the orders of the military Command of operations-, whose headquarters will be installed on the premises of Scoalei artillery, genius and the Navy,, Grivitei Path Bucuresti.

The evolution of the u.s. Army 1 and has recorded several discrete of organization and functioning. Thus, combining at first Body 1 army divisions, 11, 12 and 13, Detasamentul OLT-LUPUL, and custom Brigadier-General JOHN CULCER Division, Army'S English fall speed what laws the events of that time, in the first stage in its history including the period august 1916-1918.

The first world war In accordance with the plan of campaign, the army ordered from 1 left flank of the front strategic device on the Romanian Carpathians, participating in the initial operation in coverage, and then distributed to the Strip, with good results, the offensive started. During the period 15-28 august Army I entered the Valley of the RIVER and has carried out a bridgehead South of Sibiu, on JIU Valley came out with a Division in step MERISOR and, in the Banat, with troops from the left flank of the , exceeded Valley cernei touched.

After 6 September, compared with the situation created in Dobrogea, Romanian command decided to stop offensive. Army 1 pass from defence throughout hanging , battle form of which prevailed for the period September-December 1916.

Military Headquarters and forces on the compose need, with enormous difficulties and in the face of a superior enemy, numericeste and technical experience of war appreciable to organise defence alignments on the Tatras, employing memorable fights of the JIU Valley and RIVER Valley. All the tests the enemy made for a few weeks to develop offensive toward the South were crushed army 1 îmbinau with savvy dârza defenseless position riposte in defense.

As was the case with the Romanian Infantry Division 11, leading the fight in defence of the JIU Valley along the Valley, to crush the offensive Group Kneussl (combining a division of infantry and Cavalry Division, and a brigade of infantry austro-Hungarian-Romanian Division on 14 October the execution of a riposte that, through a maneuver double învaluitoare, circle and the main forces of the enemy, the continuation of referral and restoration of defence positions at the border. At the same time, the Commander of the enemy Group decides to resume the offensive so that both sides have turned to attack. Victoria was the Romanian troops, aided and supported by the population of the villages in the area and, in particular, the citizens of the city. Being threatened with circle, grouping the main German began reorganizing North Division units, tracked the 11th Infantry, which, in short time, came out on the old line of Defense.

Referring to the withdrawal of its troops from JIU, General Falkenhzin-Commander of the 8th Army of the German-said that it "was carried out with weights which hardly can be described. The recall was barely possible. For cannons and vehicles but have not been able to do anything about it, had to be destroyed or thrown into the Gorges ". Over 2,000 prisoners fell into the hands of our troops.

The victory at JIU was mainly of Romanians who have committed numerous acts of heroism being motivated and gesture Supreme General ion dragalina-1 Romanian Army Commander who, after having taken steps to strengthen the Division 11 infantry personnel has gone in the combat area, where he was wounded and killed .

Battles Division 11 infantry from JIU in October 1916 recorded among the most successful actions carried out by the Romanian troops during World War I.

After failures recorded, the German command concentrated at JIU and stronger group, he was a superiority of 7/it forced the enemy army to retreat to 1 Southeast.

Heroic Attempts made by the Romanian army during the month of November 1916 to halt the German offensive on the NEAJLOV OLT and ARGES have failed due to numerical and technical superiority of the enemy. Attacked at the same time from the West, North and South, forjele Armate1 1 were repliat to the East. In front of the headquarters of the Romanian decided to pass at contraofensiva and destroy enemy groups at a time, starting with the closest dangerous, grouping of General , fortase Kosch DANUBE in ZIMNICEA area and moving towards Bucharest. This was one of the biggest battles are carried out on the Romanian front in 1916, known as the "Battle for Atlanta".

Adverse conditions completely engaged in by the Romanian army, the battle was not successfully soldier and as a result, the army, together with those of the Army were repliat to the East, that towards the end of 1916 German troops to stop submitting profile cotropitoare Later Transylvania, Siretul lower,. where the front stabilised. Subsequently the army forces were 1 be incorporated in Moldova, behind the front lines with a view to the restoration.

During the winter and spring of the year I9l7 of Romanian army reorganization according to the requirements resulting from the lessons and experience of the war. In June 1917 the Romanian forces in Moldova, reorganized behind the front lines, in a military-army-1 and placed in the first, on esalonul Siretul inferior Namoloasa sector the Focsanilor, contains the armies of the 4th and 6th Russian.

Between 24 July and August 21, 1917, carried out by the Army in the Valley of the siret River Valley and on the heights of right-known as the "battle of marasesti" - were the most successful and most significant victory of the Romanian forces during the first world war. On 21 August, after nearly a month of completion between attacks, which ended with the loss of more than 47,000 soldiers-dead and wounded-German offensive, failed. Success was paid a tribute of blood meant. The Romanian Army 1 lost during the battle almost 27,000 people (dead, wounded and missing).

The second world war The second stage of military, in structure, start in the run-up to the entry of Romania in the second world conflagration. In accordance with the order of the Grand staff, no. 1/1939, from 22.03.1939, the Army 1 having headquarters in Cluj. After the second Vienna , the army'S retreat on boundary imposed arbitrary and subsequently operation coverage during the Romanian army mobilization generated by the outbreak of World War II. The situation resulting from the Act of 23 August as the cover for the closure of the border and the plateau of TRANSYLVANIA and interim border with Hungary and YUGOSLAVIA should be entrusted to a single initial Army armed-1, which was the point of order in Sibiu. To do this, I Army commanded by General Nicolae MACICI body of army has received as subordinated all major units (10 divisions), training centres, formations and deployed military schools in Transylvania, CRISANA and BANAT and the boarder.

During September-October 4, 1944, the army 1 took place successfully fighting in CRISANA and BANAT with a mission to defend the Western frontier of the country and to prevent the incursion of the enemy to trecatorile -Pyrénées in 1918, while retaining its particular areas BEIUS, Arad and Timisoara. After overcoming the Hungarian-Romanian border, in operation in Debrecen, the group acting on the direction of a lightning strike, Army 1 with 4 divisions. In BUDAPEST-Romanian troops within which totalled more than an actual 2l0.000 people, acting all the time in esalonul first, some of our major units, being engaged in the direction of a lightning strike, participating in the main to break the enemy's defence in the most important sectors. Until 26 April 1945, 1 Romanian Army participated in the operation of the HORN and MORAVA, the nai extensive of all operations performed by the two Romanian armed Czechoslovakian territory. Postbelic Process of reorganisation of the Romanian army, to the Assembly of deputies in 1947, "the Law Nr. 205 for the organisation and functioning of the Ministry of national defence "and" Law No. 206 for the Organization of the army ". Under those laws, in June the same year, organizational structures that are created, 4 military regions, Army 1 cease to exist as structure, according to the order of the Grand staff, no. 40500 in June 1947, Maria catargi o2-starting with 05 June 1947.

ARMATA 1 A treia etapa în existenta Armatei 1 începe cu 05.04.1980, când, pe baza aprobarii Consiliului Apararii, mentionata în protocolul nr. C. A. 004 al sedintei din 06 februarie, transmisa cu Ordinul General al ministrului apararii nationale nr.008 din 02 aprilie 1980, Armata a 2-a având comandamentul în garnizoana BUCURESTI îsi schimba denumirea în Armata 1 în garnizoana BUZAU, dupa aceasta data se înfiinteaza Comandamentul Armatei a 2-a. În perioada 16-22 decembrie 1989, activitatea Comandamentului Armatei 1 s-a desfasurat în conformitate cu ordinele transmise de esalonul superior si ale comandantului armatei având ca scop, punerea în aplicare a planului de masuri pentru ridicarea capacitatii de lupta potrivit indicativelor si ordinelor primite. Începând cu 22 decembrie 1989, comandamentul, marile unitati si unitatile Armatei 1 s-au situat de partea revolutiei, consolidând sentimentul de siguranta al populatiei ca armata reprezinta un important factor de putere si stabilitate.

The period 1990-2000 was marked by concerns pleading for organizing and holding the whole educational process on stemming the coordinates in the army, under the Romanian Constitution and the law of national defence, instructions and orders governing the preparatory work for the army alone, in times of crisis and war.

BODY 1 TERRITORIAL ARMY GENERAL JOHN "CULCER" On 1 august 2000, 1 Army was transformed in the body of the territorial Army 1, continuator of the Army's military traditions. In parallel with the activities carried out within the framework of the reform of the military system, 1 Territorial Army Corps Headquarters organizes and carries out in a unitary concept and structures subordinate command preparation in order to maintain and improve the ability to lead forces in modern war conditions, increase the authority and responsibility for planning, use of, the Organization, management, coordination, control forces and efficient use of resources for members received, as well as the implementation of the rules and procedures specific to the participation of military action in the composition of the Allied forces of the EU and N.A.T.O., O.S.C.E. Continuator of these glorious traditions of struggle and accomplishments, c. 1 a. Trt . shall be presented at the military structure of great importance in the context of ground forces, with separate responsibilities in the defence of the country at any time, able to carry out their missions what's return to peace, crisis and war.

1 INFANTRY DIVISION "DACICA" In accordance with its strategy to transform the Romanian army, approved by C.S.A.T. in 2006, the Body of the Army Commander General JOHN "CULCER", from 15.06.2008, it was transformed into the Diviziei1 Infantry Command. Will be continuatoarea Divizia1 Infantry combat traditions of the military, founded on the basis of the order 37 of 16 august 1916, signed by King Ferdinand I of Romania. On a proposal from the Commission of Heraldry and naming under the Ministry of Defence, 1 Infantry Division will carry the name ' DACICA '.

D' Dacica ivizia 1 Infantry "is a great unit to fight, the underlying Land Forces Chief of staff, the structure of the deployable, which provides training for the maintenance and development of the operationalizare command, major subordinate units and units for participation in national defence or, within the framework of collective action N.A.T.O. peacekeeping and peace-enforcement in theatres under foreign and international headquarters in times of crisis and war military action in an integrated system, on the national territory or outside its own.

1 Infantry Division "Dacica" is in the composition of its large units and fighting units (infantry, mountain and tanks), support (air and ground artillery, engineers, research, communications and computer science, Defense C.B.R. n), logistics support and civil-military cooperation.

Soldiers of the Brigade 15 Mechanized "Podu High" participated on March 27 in the campaign of afforestation "Romania catch roots" that took place in the heart of the city of Iasi Rosetti. Over 100 soldiers (officers, maistri militari and non-commissioned officers) have offered volunteers for this campaign and with representatives of the local Government Council, Iasi County Division of Forestry, have rich forest vegetation near the municipality of Iasi. Ieseni Soldiers participated and this time together with the citizens as they were with the population and the floods of 2005 and 2008.

On Monday, March 2009, at the headquarters of Brigade 15 Mechanized "Podu High" innaugurated the Brigade Commander, Brigadier-General Ion UNGUREANU. Brigadier-General John UNGUREANU succeeded at the command of Col. John MANCI sea units, who on the same day was appointed commander of the Brigade 81 of Bistrita Workings. The ceremony took place in the presence of 4 Infantry Division Commander "GEMINA", Mr. general Maj. Gen. Dr. Mircea SAVU.

In the presence of major General Dr. Mircea Savu - 4 Infantry Division "GEMINA" Commander, Brigazii 81 Mechanized of the military and local and municipal governments, oficialized on 26.02.2009, the military ceremony teaching and receipt of the order between Brigadier-General Russian and Colonel John Alexander Manci, former Commander of Brigade 15 Mechanized "Tall" Podu. General of Brigade Alexander was appointed as from February 18, 2009-Chief of the Strategic Planning Department of the General staff and from the same date Colonel John Manci becomes the new Commander of Brigazii 81 Workings-Bistrita.

On 1 March, on the occasion of anniversary "of the day'S Soldiers" in the central square of the municipality (Bobâlna), (market was held an event with profound meanings: distribution of Drapelelor [colors] combat Logistics Brigade 4 "TRANSYLVANIA" and "Transport Battalion 41 BOBÂLNA". It was a profoundly satisfaction for everyone from the establishment of these units, in October 2002 and so far, have helped to achieve specific missions of logistical support for large drives and 4 units of Infantry Division "GEMINA".

Created on March 1, 1995 in the village of DEJ and deployed on 1 August 1995 in the village of Bistrita, Infantry Battalion 812 hold important position in the structure of Brigazii 81 Mechanized. Adopted by the Council's decision By the Supreme Defense of the country, the unit was nominated for the performance of peacekeeping missions and humanitarian, as well as for participation in joint exercises with the partnership for peace. Infantry Battalion 812 participated in peacekeeping missions in Angola, UNAVEM III and MONUA. For performance in celebration of peace, the military Battalion 812 Infantry were decorated with "" of the United Nations Medal, and the Battalion 812 Infantry received grade "EXECEPTIONAL" UNAVEM III mission.

Infantry Battalion "Soimii 812 of Carpathians" of Bistrita was part of the ISAF mission in Afghanistan, theatre of operations during the period January-July 2007, the area of deployment in Arghandab. The main missions were ensuring stability and security Zabul province, in cooperation with the Afghan national security Forces (ANSF), supporting the execution of the ANSF routine patrols on the border, the intervention of the forces in support of the Afghan National Police (ANP) to execute patrol missions to ensure freedom of movement on the routes of communication. Run a total of 459 of patrol missions and 154 missions to secure alternative routes. In support of securing QALAT area have been executed in common with allies, 208 missions and monitoring the activity of the public in the various areas of the city.

HistoryD4 .I . 4th Army (North) 4th Army () was founded on the night of 14/15 august 1916 by High Decree nr. 2784, signed by King Ferdinand I of Romania. The first Commander was General of Division Constantin prezan (1861-1943), one who, in 1930, was awarded the Supreme degree. Point-of-command of the army of the 4th was set to Bacau. Having composed of District 7, 8 and 14 Infantry Brigade 3 joint venture, Calarasi 4 Brigade, 2nd Division, troops and Cavalry of the Army service Corps 4 in Iasi.

In the military campaign later Transylvania and in Transylvania were entered into, temporarily, 6 and 15 Infantry Divisions, the last being called "iron" Division, commanded by Brigadier-General eremia GRIGORESCU, one that was covered by glory in battle of oituz national "On here don't pass!". On 10 November 1916, Brigadier-General Constantin Christescu was named Commander of the 4th Army (North), and on 5 December 1916, the headquarters of the 4th Army began operating. Major units and units of the railway were 1 and 2 Romanian Armies under the command of which participated in the great battles of marasti, Marasesti and Oituz in the summer of 1917.

In the first world war in 1916 the establishment of three Romanian armies - 1, 2 and 4 (North) - were engaged in strategic operation for the release of Transylvania on the entire front, along the Southern and Eastern Carpathians. The 4th Army (North) had a ratio of forces - general and favourable directions - in so far as to ensure success. She had B.I.: 70, compared with 17 enemy; 35 escadroane Cavalry to 3 of the opponent; 61 artillery batteries, compared with 9 of d. 61 Austro-Hungary.

The offensive turned to action in the evening hours on 14 august 1916 at 21:00, with the mission to deal with enemy positions located about 15 km beyond the "frontier" of the reforms. Stand-alone offensive Operation the army of the 4th (North) took place in three stages.

First stage covered the actions of 15-20 august, in which the soldiers d. 14 i. (Master-general of Brigade Paraschiv Vasilescu) went through such passes: Bistrita-"Groups", "Bicaz Bistricioara" and "value" (each of the 5 battalions of infantry and 1-3 artillery batteries) attacked along the passer-bys, repulsed the enemy at Calimanel, Bilbor, West Borsec, Western Putnei Puturoasa confluence with Putna. The soldiers d.7 i. (Commander-in-Chief Brigadier-General John Istrate), surrounded the groups "Ghimes" and "Use", have repulsed the enemy and reached the alignment station Ghimes, eastern slopes of the mountains Nemira. The BG 15 i. as group "Oituz," the village of Bretcu, issued on 17 August and repulsed the enemy from TG. Secuiesc. The Commander-Brigadier-General George Basarabescu acted along the Valley Oituz, exceeded troops BG. 15 i. and reached the alignment bixad, St. George, Moacsa, came out in the Valley of the River.

The second stage , from 21-28 august, started by the offensive d. 14 i., which issued the Toplita with those on the right and came out with the left flank Giurgeului depression. -d. 8 i. (Commander-Brigadier-General John Patrascu), entered into operation between 7 and 14 d. i., issued the town Gheorghieni, with the Centre on the alignment and Lapusna left flank. step. At completion, the 4th Army (North) sent him to the profile Toplita, vf. Old lady (1634), step Bucin, mount, immediately West bixad, which passed to the defence.

Third stage, 29 august - 13 September, was characterized by efforts made by the army command to strengthen the right flank for cooperation with the Russian army, and left flank to develop offensive and to issue the village of Odorhei, with the aim of decreasing the front line and ensure liaison with army 2nd Romanian.

4th Army (North) has reached the alignment: South East Worcester, Rastolita, East, Praid, including Odorhei, which he passed to the defence. She has released important areas in Eastern Transylvania (with an area of 12,000 square kilometres), realizing a grasp the device enemy of 100 km, at an average rate of 2-3.5 km per day, and the original front of 270 km has been reduced to 150 km. Major changes in the South, on the Danube and Black Sea, and needs for maneuver forces and means directions Romanian armies under threat, the offensive was halted, notes.

Although 4th Army (North) was abolished on 5 December 1916, major establishments and establishments in the background and they will cover the glory in the great battles of the year 1917. In the operation of the military offensive in the Ottoman marasti, from 11 to 17 July 1917, were distinguished and Scottish but you d. 8 i., which led fights arduous for conquering height Arsita, crestei Magurii and mount Cornu Casin. In defense of the military operation, of marasesti, of 24 July to 6 august 1917, as well as in the ripostele offensive, fought and d. 14 i., left flank at device c.3 a., between Calini and the forest of the siret River Valley. Finally, the Army of the Ottoman period oituz 26 July - August 22, 1917, the other two major units of the former 4th Army (North), 7 and 8 i., commissioned generals Brigadier General Nicolae Patrascu, Ion Ruginschi and were engaged in a vigorous confrontation with the forces of the German and Austro-Hungary.

On 10 December 1918, order No. 807 HQ, Grand Lodge in Sibiu, General Traian Mosoiu (former Commander of the 7th Infantry Division) was named Commander of the Troops, and Deputy Chief of staff, General Stefan Panaitescu (former Commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade). Point of order was established in Sibiu, where it was and the Romanian Government of Transylvania.

The new structure of the military was composed of four divisions (6th and 7th Infantry, 1 and 2 V.M.) with around 15,000 combatants. During the months of December, 1918 - January 1919, Romanian troops were held between the River Mures Apuseni Mountains, and to oblige Hungary to comply with the decisions of the Allied Powers. Later, through the establishment, on 8 February 1919, c. 6 (with d. 16, 17 and 20 i.) and c. 7 (with d. 18, 19 and 21 i.), will run the campaign from the Latin, up to the western border of Romania, during the period from 16 April to 2 May 1919.

In the summer of 1919, from 30 July to 6 august, the Romanian army offensive operation of Plain River Tisza, culminating in the annexation of the Hungarian capital, on 3 August. In Transylvania, the Romanian Troops commanded by General Gheorghe Mardarescu remained in the territory of Hungary until 22 November 1919, delivering them and the last units in the country of residence of the emancipated from 14 February to 28 March 1920.

The years 1920 and 1921 are the years in which the high headquarters was disbanded, and Army Corps and divisions entered into "the powers provided for by laws or regulations in peacetime". The headquarters of the Western Troops for the Transylvania) and Eastern (Command Troops for military structures deployed on the East by the Prut River), established in the year 1919, continued to exist until 1 April 1921, when they were dismantled. The master of the Western Command of troops were generals Arthur Vaitoianu and Nicolae Petala.

6th ARMY CORPS Between the wars The years 1921-1939 In the inter-war period, Transylvania was running the Army Inspectorate. 3, which had the 6 and 7 Divisions. Until 1 April 1921, when it was disbanded, Troops Command of Western command c. 6 (and earlier) structures were generals Constantin prezan, Constantin Christescu, Mr. Mosoiu, Nicolae Gheorghe Mardarescu, Petala and Arthur Vaitoianu.

After 1 April 1921 and until 23 March 1939, c. 6 a. was commissioned by the generals, Nicolae Petala, Danila pop, Alexandru Hanzu, John Prodan, Dumitru Gheorghe Motas, Buchanan and Christea Vasilescu, a top military leaders, about which he wrote that "Octavian Goga wars, in Cluj and in Transylvania, all commanders have committed a work of great proportions, and valuing" unanimous. C. 6 a. part d. 16 i. (Dej), d. 17 i. (Oradea) and d. 20 i. (Târgu Mures).

According to the aggravation of the international situation, in particular in the vicinity of Romania, on 22 September 1939, the 4th Army, recently established, became the headquarters of the armed group no. 1.

In the second world war 4th Army Romanian was the only operative structure which was continually on the front, the Volga River Prut and Stalingrad in the mountains of Bohemia, near Prague, from June 1941 until May 1945.

On 22 June 1941, ordered on the Prut River within the Group of "Armed" General ANTONESCU, 4th Army Romanian, commanded by General military body, Nicolae was indigenous to the region, with c. 3, 5 and 11 a., ordered the siret River Valley between the mouth and Comarna (South-East Iasi). Here started the battle for the Prut River, and the campaign for the release of Bessarabia, which ended on 26 July. A communique of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers show that after 35 days of continuous fighting, Romanian armies losses in battles in Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia were 1268 and non-commissioned officers, 568 2974 band (dead, wounded and missing). During the period from 26 July to 7 august 1941, the army of the 4th led the battle for conquering the line Side, forcing the River in the area - Dubasari Tighina. After the rejection of the 8th Army forces of the Soviet front in all sectors, the great Romanian units went out with items submitted to the shores of the Black Sea, at 40-50 km northwest of Odessa.

Offensive Operation the army of the 4th in Odessa during the period from August 8 - 16 October, it is known in history as "drama of 70 days". For the great and difficult struggle, the army of the 4th to 6th Corps of Army combat, 23 large drives Division/70 regimente Brigade of infantry, Cavalry, tanks and hunters moto, over 41 regimente artillery, as well as other units and formations. Designed and carried out under the command of the Romanian forces and Romanian, with the actual means what amounted to nearly 350,000 of combatants, the operation "ODESSA" be a dramatic and eroica epic Army 4. military win gained in this operation was done with an offering of 63345 17729 of dead, wounded and missing, 11451 of which resulted in the judgment of the Grand headquarters to restore the 4th Army in Iasi, for restoration and add-ins.

In the autumn of 1942, the 4th Army, commanded by General Constantin Constantinescu-Klaps yet since November 1941, stood in front of drama in the Steppe Calmuca. C.6., with Divisions 1, 2, 4, 6 and 15 Infantry, and c. 7, with 5 to 8 Cavalry Divisions, have carried out numerous marsuri and offensive operations, until the fatidica day 20 November 1942, when it was triggered in their Strip, action that will overthrow the Soviet counter-offensive during the decisive Stalingrad front (where lives and tens of thousands of soldiers of the 4th Army). He took the fight in the circle and exit from the circle, to withdraw by fighting over a distance of 500 km in 25 days and demobilisation 4th Army in Iasiului area. After a period of rehabilitation and add-ins, after 23 August 1944, the army's 4th Romanian was ordered to participate in the other campaign on the Western front.

The third campaign in Romania of the 4th Army (after the years 1916 and 1919) started "on the fly", "the front and entry into battle, along with Soviet forces in the South-East Transylvania". Already moved to the North of the Southern Carpathians, in early September 1944, the army of the 4th, organized the initial defence on a broad strip profile Sighisoara, Urmenis, Cipau, the River Mures, aries, closing Sibiu OLT in the area of the Mures in Alba Iulia in the burzenland, defending His direction-Gheorghe-Brasov.

On 5 September, when it switched to the offensive towards Sfântu Gheorghe, Târgu-Mures, Cluj, Satu Mare and 25 October, when it was released, to Which, the entire national territory, 4th Army was eroica and offerings. In this campaign for the release of the country, the soldiers of the 4th Army resulted in heavy fighting continued in the direction of the city and His-Gheorghe, Mures and Tirnave, the city of Târgu Mures on 28 September, while d. 9 and 11 infantry and d. 8 Cavalry fought until 4 October, the Blind, for the conquest of Mures Sângeorgiu Hill.

In early October 1944, the Mission of the 4th Army was the development of the Directorate-General Ludus offensives, bontida Jibou, Which, in order to destroy the main forces of the Army of the Hungarian Army and its German and overcome the Romanian-Hungarian border. The Mission has been carried out successfully on 25 October, after almost 59000 troops (a total of Romanian troops) fell in combat in the territory of Transylvania.

After the issue of the national territory, on 25 October 1944, the army of the 4th Army together with Romanian 40 Soviet continued fighting in operation "DEBRECEN", but also in the mountains and the Valley Hegyalja Hernadului-until 18 December 1944. A 210006 fighters in the territory of the Republic of Hungary, the Romanian army troops 1 and 4, or from other ancillary structures, 1237, towns and villages, of which 14 cities, have made 3 massive mountain ranges and have forced 4 watercourses, have caused the loss of enemy dead and prisoners (30789), and their losses amounted to 42700 (dead, wounded and missing).

Struggles for liberation of Czechoslovakia, 4th Army with c. 2 and 6, of the District 3, 6, 9, 11, 18 and 21 infantry divisions, 1-8 Cavalry during the period from December 18, 1944 - may 12, 1945. Major units and units of the 4th Army were awarded Roznava, operations, Banska Bystrica-Zvolen, Large and Small Fatra Fatra, Prague, to which almost 77000 troops.

For the liberation of Czechoslovakia, the Romanian army troops 1 and 4 have forced 4 courses of water (Hron, Nitra, Vah and Morava), conquered 10 bulk mountain, 1722 localities, including 31 cities and other settlements. Human Losses amounted to 66495 (dead, wounded and missing), i.e. 30% of the population engaged in combat. Losses caused by enemy amounted to 22803 soldiers.

Post-war years In the summer of 1945, the 4th Army had two Corps of the army: c. 2 a., in Bucharest, with garrison Guard Division and Division 1 Volunteers "Tudor vladimirescu", r. 2 Art. Heavy, r. 2 Pi, r. 4 calarasi, other units of the body; c. 7 a., Sibiu in the garrison, d. 2 i. d. 2 Volunteers "HOREA, CLOSCA and CRISAN", r. 1 Article. Heavy, r. 7 Pi, r. 1 calarasi, other units of the body. Commander 4th Army was disbanded on 5 June 1947, in the Order m.st.m. Nr. 40500 and units have been redistributed. From March 1945 until June 1947, were generals, Nicolae Dascalescu, Gheorghe Mihail Stavrescu Lascar, Grigore Vasiliu Nicolau and c. Rascanu.

By Royal Decree No. High 1346 of 28 June 1947, since 1 July was founded the region of the 3rd Military, based in Cluj, by transforming the Territorial Command 6. The region of the 3rd Military was composed of: d.1 Mountain (Sinaia), d. 2 Mountain (Dej), d. 18 i. (Oradea), 5 regimente and artillery, pioneers calarasi, 18 circles and other structures of the territorial army. Area of responsibility included 18 counties.

The first Commander Of the 3rd military General Elliot Dimitriu, having general Spiridon Saulescu Chief of staff. Subsequently, until 1960, have never ordered this structure generals, Nicolae cambrea, Mikhail Vasiliu, Jacob Teclu, Arhip Floca, Alexandru Vasiliu and Tai Târca.

Until 1954, the 3rd Military region was compoaed of d.5 i. (Bucuresti), article 5 BG. A.A. (Someseni), and d. 1 mountain and moved the headquarters to TG Mures. But the whole of the period was marked by four stages of restructuring, resubordonari, desfiintari, establishment and deployment of units, together with the removal of old, valuable staff and experienced in the Romanian Army. Some generals and senior officers will go into puscariile.

In November 1954, together with the abolition of d. 59. Oradea, Then gun cavalry disappeared . However, changes in the composition of fighting continued to progress and during 1954-1960. In 1958, Soviet troops left in Romania.

On 30 April 1960, the region of the 3rd Military changes its name to the 3rd Army and was restructured. During the nearly 20 years of existence of Command of the 3rd Army, Commander was occupied by the next General: Tai Târca, ion Coman, Nicolae Vasile Militaru Milea, ion Hortopan, Stelian Popescu and Julian Topliceanu. Alternate were generals Marin Dragnea, Constantin Didulescu, ion Dândareanu and Teodor Paraschiv.

Long training and the band was in the new concept of Defense and the national military doctrine. Thousands of soldiers participated every year in the construction of the subway, Transfagarasanului, canal Danube-Black Sea at vastul îndiguiri program, desecari and irrigation, to strengthening agricultural harvest, etc. However, In these years were carried out in establishments complexes polygons and "platforms" training "continuous", and the military, with thousands, were asked to participate in the Elimination of the effects of catastrophic floods in 1970 and 1975 and 1977 earthquake.

The intervention of some countries of the Warsaw Pact in Czechoslovakia (with the exception of Romania) and occupation of the country in August 1968 led to profound changes in the structure of the 3rd Army, which, with all its components, has entered into operational status. Then have been set up d. 81 Mc. (in Dej) and many other mechanized and tank units were completed and întarite D 11 and 18 Cm., Tc d.6. and others. In the era, it was noted that in the autumn of 1968, fighting capability from the point of view of herds by more than 75%, and the military technical capabilities with around 55%.

4th Army 1979-1990

As a result of opinionated, but also political-military situation tense in the 1980s had as a result the organisation troops land on four commands by the military. As of April 5, 1980, the 3rd Army changed its name to the 4th Army, headquarters of the Command being in Cluj-Napoca. The other army headquarters were in Buzau (2), Craiova (3) and Bucharest (1). On this occasion, they come out of the army of the 4th d. 18 Mc. (Timisoara), Bg 1.2 V.M. (Brasov) and other units, the other three being resubordonate. During this period, Commander of the 4th Army was General Julian Topliceanu.

After the revolution of December 1989, like Romanian society as a whole, the army has entered into a long process of reform and restructuring, with unprecedented changes in all parts of the military. On 17 October 1990, the 4th Army received honorary name "TRANSYLVANIA", which he had it in the years 1918-1919, after the Great Union in the Apuseni Mountains and Marshes of the River Tisza. Commanders during this period were: General Paul Cheler (1990-1995), with General Dorin Gheorghiu-Chief of staff, and with General Pantelimon Pralea- Deputy Commissioner; General Maj. Gen. Dorin Gheorghiu (1995-2001), Brigadier-General John Crow-Chief of staff, and Colonel Jacob Carl-alternate.

Great transformations throughout the army, from the legislative framework and organizational structure, came with a reform which took adjustments and corrections, year after year after 1992 were set up battalions of infantry in Satu Mare, which has been emancipated, Salonta, Marghita Wikipedia, Cris, and in the years 1993-1995 funded Headquarters Bodies 5, 6 and 7 Army at Timisoara, TG Mures and Dej. In May 1994, the territorial troops have been subordinated to dry. On 1 August 1995, the army of the 4th "TRANSILVANIA" have 3 large army, 23 units, formations and structures directly under.

In the spring of 1994, Romania was the first country to join the program "partnership for peace", in the coming years to dozens of multinational exercises, in the country or in strainatate, in the framework of "PfP", "mil-to-Mil" and "Inspector". In the autumn of 1995, a constant direction of action was to achieve interoperability with similar structures of NATO member countries. First off, have been established 20 goals of interoperability, an artillery brigade and a battalion of infantry being nominated to meet them. Subsequently, other units and large units were included in this program, as it was, bunaoara, BG. 81.7./C., part of the rapid reaction Force, created in early March 1997 and become operational on 1 September the same year.

In the autumn of 1997 were laid the foundations of creating Mixed Romanian-Hungarian Battalion, inspiring action and complex, including many organizational and diplomatic efforts, which were completed in 1999, despite being b. 191/Bg 19 Cm. from Arad.

After 1998, structural reforms in the process was held concurrently with many redundancies and redistribution at the level of staff, thousands of frames by leaving the military system, year after year. However, all these years, the preparatory work for operational and training for combat is not terminated, all drives all activities provided for in the plan - applications, tactical exercises, camps, tactical headquarters, invitation, professional and cultural competitions, more sports, current activities and guidance, Olympic Games on line weapon testing certification experts, travel of periodic tests, studies, sedinte driving technique of fighting and shooting, etc., with meritorii results.

The body of the TERRITORIAL ARMY 4 "Marshal" Constantin prezan 2000-2008

On the basis of art. 13, para. 1, of the O.G. Nr. 41/1999 on the organisation and functioning of m.ap.n. framework and plan for the deployment of the restructuring and modernisation of the Romanian Army in the year 2000, approved by the CSAT, and order No. MS 33/30.03.2000, the 4th Army "TRANSILVANIA" was transformed into the body of the 4th Territorial Army, which by Presidential Decree No. 645/10 August 2001, received the new Evonik Industries and honorary name of the first master, in 1916, "Marshal Constantin prezan".

Commanders c.4 a. Trt. During this period, recent: General-Lieutenant John Crow (September 1, 2001 - 24 April 2003), Brigadier-General Dr. Ioan Sabau-alternate, and Brigadier-General Dr. Liviu Galos-Chief; General Maj. Gen. Neculai Bahnareanu (1 May 2003 to December 1, 2004), with the Deputy and head of staff mentioned above; General Maj. Gen. Dr. John Ciupei (December 1, 2004), Brigadier-General Dr. John Sabau, until October 2005, and Brigadier-General Dumitru Seserman-alternate, and Brigadier-General Eugen Gheorghioiu-Chief of staff. During the period 2000-2006, Commander c. 4 a. Trt. He managed a broad and complex process of transformation of large units and units of the railway - desfiintari, establishment, resubordonari, modernizari, redislocari, reorganization and operationalizari structures of the body. Thus, in 2000 were disbanded headquarters Bodies 5 and 6 Army (of Timisoara and Târgu-Mures) and 7 Army "NICOLAE SOVA" has turned into the operational headquarters of 7, which, in turn, it was disbanded in 2002.

In 2001, Bg 2.4 Mc. "The voivode GELU "in Zalau turns on the basis of evidence adduced 3 infantry and Bg 24 Articles. A.T. "eftimie murgu," in lugoj, becomes the basis of 10 Artillery and Missile Training, both out of Headquarters c.4 a. Trt. until the end of 2004, other major units are takes or converts, be subordinated to other structures: Bg 7 Art. "General VASILE DANACU "(now r. 7 article/Bg. 69 articles), Bg 230 i. PINTEA VITEAZUL Mo.", "BG. 612 Art. A.T. (now r. 612 Art. AT/BG. 69 articles), BG. Mc.Trt. 18 "Bg" decebal. 1 V.M. ' General GREGORY tributes, Bg 1.2 Tc. MURES "Bg", Mc 19. "Bg", ZIRIDAVA. 5 Article. A.A. ' General BURILEANU ".

In 2003, it entered into operating under Command c.4 a. Trt. major units and units of the six counties of Moldova: Bg 33 Mc.Trt. "Alexandru cel Bun", Bg Tc 63. "BOGDAN VODA" BG. 61 v.m.trt. ' General VIRGIL BADULESCU "and BG. 15" PODU Mc.Trt. ".

In 2005 were dismantled over 30 different units and structures, including the Bg 11 i. mo. Trt. "WHOSE" Bg 33 Mc.Trt. "Alexandru cel Bun" Tc and BG. 63. "BOGDAN VODA". In the first half of 2006, Bg CS 1.6. "HOREA, closca and crisan" and Bg 1.5 V.M. "Avram Iancu" have responded to the winding up procedure.

1990-2006